unit 4 Flashcards
Where in the plant does photosynthesis take place?
Chloroplasts
What goes INTO the reaction of photosynthesis?
6H2O + 6CO2
What comes OUT of the reaction of photosynthesis?
Glucose & O2
Write the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis.
6H2O + 6CO2 + sun → C6H12O6 + 6O2
What are the two sets of reactions involved in photosynthesis?
1.) Light dependent Reaction
2.) Light Independent Reaction
What occurs during the Light Dependent Reaction?
Uses energy from sunlight and some water to make ATP and gives off extra O2.
Takes place in the thylakoids of the chloroplasts.
What occurs during the Light Independent Reaction?
The ATP made in the light dependent reaction is used to make sugar from the carbon in CO2.
Takes place in the stroma.
What is cellular respiration?
The process by which an organism uses oxygen and food to make energy.
Where does cellular respiration take place?
In both plants and animals, specifically in the mitochondria.
What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + H2O + energy
What is fermentation?
A process that occurs when an organism doesn’t have oxygen but still needs to make ATP.
What is lactic acid fermentation?
Occurs in animal muscle cells and only makes 2 molecules of ATP.
What is alcoholic fermentation?
Occurs in yeast, produces alcohol and carbon dioxide.
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic processes?
Aerobic needs oxygen and cellular respiration makes 35 ATP; Anaerobic takes place without oxygen and fermentation makes 2 ATP.
What occurs during glycolysis?
Occurs in the cytoplasm, glucose is split into 2 pyruvate molecules, producing 2 ATP and NADH.
What occurs during the Krebs Cycle?
Occurs in the matrix; pyruvate goes in (now acetyl CoA), CO2 comes out, producing ATP, NADH, and FADH2, yielding 2 ATP.
What occurs during the Electron Transport Chain?
Occurs along the inner membrane; previously produced electron carriers power the ETC, O2 goes in and H2O goes out, producing 34 ATP.
How does the Electron Transport Chain work?
Electron carriers (NADH & FADH2) power protein pumps, creating a concentration gradient of H+ (protons), and electrons flow through all pumps, attaching to O2 to create H2O.
What is chemiosmosis?
Proteins want to go back to the matrix, and they flow through ATP synthase, which harnesses energy from flowing electrons to make ATP.
What is fermentation in the context of pyruvate?
The process of converting pyruvate into alcohol or lactic acid, converting NADH to NAD+, and producing two ATP.
