DNA replication, DNA, RNA, Transcription, Translation Flashcards
where does DNA replication take place
nucleus
what happens during dna replication
dna is spilt and two identical strands are made
steps of dna
dna unzips
nucleotides bind to new strand
2 new strands are formed
helicase
the unziping enzyme (breaks bonds)
dna polymerase
the enzyme that joins nucleotides to make new dna
semi conservitave replication
each strand has 1/2 of the origional DNA strand
dna replication occurs when
before mitosis in the s phase of interphase
primase
builds the polymer
ligase
connects dna fragments (okazaki fragments)
which way does dna polymerase read
3-5
which way does dna polymerase build
5-3
protein synthesis
the process of building proteins by using the code in DNA
central dogma of biology
dna-rna-protein-traits
what does rna stand for
ribose nucleic acid
what is rna made up of
sugar and a phosphate backbone and a nitrogen base
mrna
carries the instructions to make protiens from nucleus to the cytoplasm
rrna
found in ribosomes
trna
carries amino acids to the ribosomes and matches them to the mrna strand
how is rna made in eukaryotes
transcription
transcription
dna is copied by an enzyme and forms mrna
steps of transcription
-dna unzips
-rna polmerase uses a dna strand as a template to assemble the nucleotides into a strand of rna
where does rna start
promoter regions
promoter regions
areas on the rna strand that signal rna polymerase to start making rna
introns
removed from mrna they are cut out and discarded (in the way)
exons
the remaining pieces of mrna that will be used to make a protein (expressed)
transcription takes place where
in the nucleus
where is the mrna moved to
the cytoplasm
translation
the process of changing the information carried by mrna molecule into a sequence of amino acids that make up a protein
conformation
when a protein winds up on itself to make a 3d shape
how many amino acids in translation
20
codon
3 nitrogenous bases on the mrna strand
what does each codon represent
an amino acid
what carries amino acids to the mrna strand
trna
how many does each trna bring
1
what does trna have that bonds to the codon on the mrna strand
an anticodon
what is the start codon
AUG
what are the stop codons
UAA, UGA, UAG
what is the final product of translation
the creation of a protein
what do structural proteins do
form hair and nails
what do transport proteins do
hemoglobin in your blood
who do movement proteins do
make muscle fibers
what do defense proteins do
make antibodies to fight diseases
