unit 6 Flashcards
what is dna wound up in
chromosomes
where is dna found
the nucleus
what are the monomers of dna called
nucleotides
what are the three parts of nucleotides
simple sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
how many rings do purines have
2
how many rings do pyrimidines have
3
what are adenine and guanine
purines
what are thymine and cytosine
pyrimidines
which way is dna twisted
clockwise
how many hydrogen bonds does a bond with t with
2
how many hydrogen bonds does c bond with g with
3
who discovered the shape of dna
watson and crick
who took the picture that Watson and crick studies
Rosalind franklin
mutation
anything that changes in the dna sequence
mutagen
anything that causes a mutation
point mutation
a change in a single base is changed to another base
what is another name for a point mutation
a substitution
silent point mutation
codon changes but amino acid is the same
missense point mutation
changes one amino acid to a different amino acid
nonsense point mutation
results in an early stop codon
frameshift mutation
insert or delete a base pair affecting how you read the codons
gene
a section of dna that codes for a specific protein
genetic engineering
cutting a dna strand into small fragments and inserting those fragments into another organisms dna
recombinant sna
a stand of dna created by combining pieces of DNA from different organisms
transgenic organism/host organism
plants/animals that contain recombinant dna
what are the four ways genetic engineering is used in the world today
industry, medicine, agriculture, basic research
genome
all genes of an organism
gel electrophoresis
a tool used to make dna fingerprints. sorts DNA fragments by their base pair
what are the steps of gel electrophoresis
1) dna is cut unevenly
2) gell filled wells and DNA goes into wells
3) gell is placed in a solution and an electrical field is set up
4) DNA moves across the gel towards the positive charge
