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Medical Terminology > Unit 7 > Flashcards

Unit 7 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aden/o

A

gland

adenopathy

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2
Q

adren/o, adrenal/o

A

adrenal gland

hypoadrenocorticism, adrenalectomy

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3
Q

-arche

A

beginning, first occurrence

menarche

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4
Q

cortic/o

A

outer surface

adrenocorticotropic hormone

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5
Q

crin/o

A

secrete

endocrinologist

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6
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

hypoglycemia

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7
Q

gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o

A

sugar

gluconeogenesis, glucosuria, glycolysis

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8
Q

gonad/o

A

gonads

gonadotropin

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9
Q

hormon/o

A

hormone, regulatory/messenger chemical

hormonal

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10
Q

hyper-

A

excessive, above, increased

hyperthyroidism

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11
Q

hypo-

A

insufficient, too little, below, decreased

hypothyroidism

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12
Q

hypophys/o

A

pituitary gland

hypophysitis

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13
Q

kal/o

A

potassium (from Latin kalium)

hypokalemia

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14
Q

ket/o, keton/o

A

ketone body

ketoacidosis, ketonuria

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15
Q

natr/o

A

sodium (from Latin natrium)

hyponatremia

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16
Q

neo-

A

new

gluconeogenesis

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17
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

pancreatitis

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18
Q

para-

A

near, beside

parathyroid

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19
Q

pituitar/o

A

pituitary gland

panhypopituitarism

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20
Q

thel/o

A

nipple

thelarche

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21
Q

thym/o

A

thymus

thymoma

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22
Q

thyr/o, thyroid/o

A

thyroid

thyrotropic hormone

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23
Q

-tropin

A

stimulating hormone

gonadotropin

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24
Q

-uria

A

urine condition

polyuria

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25
Q

acromegaly

A

abnormal increase in bone size (not length), due to human growth hormone hypersecretion during adulthood

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26
Q

adenopathy

A

any condition involving glandular tissue

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27
Q

amenorrhea

A

lack of menstrual flow

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28
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

polyuria due to hyposecretion of or resistance to antidiuretic hormone

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29
Q

diabetes mellitus

type 1
type 2

A

metabolic disease, polyuria and hyperglycemia

  1. autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells, aka insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus, aka juvenile onset diabetes mellitus
  2. body cells develop resistance to insulin, aka noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, aka adult onset diabetes mellitus
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30
Q

dysmetabolic syndrome

A

combination of medical disorders associated with faulty metabolism (type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity)

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31
Q

exophthalmos

A

protrusion of the eyes out of the eye socket

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32
Q

galactorrhea

A

excessive discharge of milk

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33
Q

gestational diabetes mellitus

A

type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed first during pregnancy; usually resolves after delivery; risk factor for type 2 diabetes later in life

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34
Q

glucosuria

A

glucose in urine, usually sign of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

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35
Q

goiter

A

enlargement of the thyroid gland, thyrocele

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36
Q

Grave disease

A

thyrotoxicosis, autoimmune hyperparathyroidism characterized by exophthalmos

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37
Q

gynecomastia

A

development of breast tissue in males

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38
Q

Hashimoto thyroiditis

A

autoimmune condition that attacks thyroid gland; #1 cause of hypothyroidism in US

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39
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive growth of facial and body hair for age and/or gender

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40
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

excessive secretion of thyroid hormone

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41
Q

hypoadrenocorticism

A

insufficient secretion of adrenal cortex hormones, aka Addison disease

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42
Q

hypoglycemia

A

low blood glucose

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43
Q

hypokalemia

A

low blood potassium (kalium)

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44
Q

hyponatremia

A

low blood sodium (natrium)

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45
Q

hypophysitis

A

inflammation of the pituitary

46
Q

hypothyroidism

A

insufficient secretion of thyroid hormone

47
Q

insulinoma

A

tumor that secretes insulin (tumor of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas)

48
Q

ketoacidosis

A

increased blood acidity due to increased blood ketones produced when body is unable to utilize sugar & must burn fat for energy

49
Q

ketonuria

A

ketones in the urine, usually found along with ketoacidosis

50
Q

myxedema

A

Advanced hypothyroidism in adults causing edema (swelling) under the skin

51
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

52
Q

panhypopituitarism

A

insufficient (or no) secretion of all pituitary hormones

53
Q

pituitary dwarfism

A

abnormally short height caused by hyposecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

54
Q

pituitary gigantism

A

abnormally tall height caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

55
Q

pituitary infarction

A

death of pituitary gland tissue usually due to hemorrhaging and associated with a pituitary tumor

56
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

57
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive eating

58
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

59
Q

thymoma

A

tumor of the thymus gland

60
Q

thyroiditis

A

inflammation of the thyroid gland

61
Q

adrenalectomy

A

surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands

62
Q

adrenal gland

A

pair of glands, one on top of each kidney; secrete several hormones

63
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

hormone secreted by pituitary gland, stimulates release of hormones from adrenal cortices

64
Q

antidiuretic hormone

A

hormone secreted by pituitary gland, regulates body fluid levels by decreasing urine formation

65
Q

blood glucose

A

amount of glucose in blood

66
Q

blood sugar

A

amount of all sugars in blood

67
Q

continuous glucose monitor

A

compact device that regularly monitors blood glucose levels

68
Q

continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

A

continuous insulin injection into blood from pump worn by patient

69
Q

endocrinologist

A

physician specializing in disorders of the endocrine system

70
Q

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

A

procedure to examine pancreatic and gall bladder ducts using endoscope passed backward from digestive tract into bile duct

71
Q

estrogen

A

primary female hormone, secreted by ovaries, responsible for female secondary sex characteristics

72
Q

fasting blood glucose

A

blood glucose level after 12-hour fast

73
Q

gluconeogenesis

A

for cellular energy production, creating glucose from fats or proteins when dietary glucose not available

74
Q

glucose tolerance test

A

measure of body’s ability to metabolize glucose; begin with fasting blood glucose, drink glucose solution, blood glucose at regular intervals

75
Q

glycemic index

A

ranking of food based on how it affects blood sugar levels

76
Q

glycolysis

A

first step in metabolizing glucose for energy, “break glucose”

77
Q

gonadotropin

A

hormone secreted by pituitary gland, stimulates gonads to release their hormones

78
Q

HgA1C

A

glycated hemoglobin test; indicates average blood glucose level over past 2-3 months

79
Q

hormone replacement therapy

A

therapeutic administration of hormones to replace low body levels

80
Q

insulin

A

hormone secreted by pancreas, controls blood glucose level, “pushes” glucose into cells for cellular metabolism (energy production)

81
Q

laparoscopic adrenalectomy

A

removal of an adrenal gland by means of a laparoscope (an instrument inserted into the abdomen for viewing)

82
Q

menarche

A

beginning of first menstruation

83
Q

parathyroid gland

A

two-four small glands adjacent to or embedded in thyroid gland, secrete parathyroid hormone

84
Q

parathyroid hormone

A

hormone secreted by parathyroid gland, regulates blood calcium level

85
Q

radioactive iodine uptake test

A

imaging procedure, measures radioactivity level in thyroid after IV or oral radioactive iodine administration

86
Q

testosterone

A

primary male hormone, secreted by testes, responsible for male secondary sex characteristics

87
Q

thelarche

A

beginning of breast development

88
Q

thyroid hormone

T3
T4

A

hormone secreted by thyroid gland, regulates energy metabolism

T3: triiodothyronine, one “version” of thyroid hormone

T4: tetraiodothyronine, aka thyroxine, one “version” of thyroid hormone

89
Q

thyroid stimulating hormone

A

hormone secreted by pituitary gland, stimulates thyroid to release thyroid hormone

90
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

91
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone

92
Q

BG

A

blood glucose

93
Q

BS

A

blood sugar

94
Q

CGM

A

continuous glucose monitor

95
Q

CSII

A

continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

96
Q

DI

A

diabetes insipidus

97
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

98
Q

ERCP

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

99
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar

100
Q

GDM

A

gestational diabetes mellitus

101
Q

GH

A

growth hormone

102
Q

GTT

A

glucose tolerance test

103
Q

HgA1C

A

test used by diabetes patients to monitor blood sugar levels

104
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

105
Q

PTH

A

parathyroid hormone

106
Q

RAIU

A

radioactive iodine uptake test

107
Q

T1

A

insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1)

108
Q

T2

A

noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2)

109
Q

T3

A

triiodothyronine

110
Q

T4

A

thyroxine (tetraiodothyronine)

111
Q

TFT

A

thyroid function test

112
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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