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Medical Terminology > Unit 11 > Flashcards

Unit 11 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

albumin/o

A

albumin, most abundant protein in blood plasma

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2
Q

azot/o

A

nitrogen

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3
Q

cyst/o, vesic/o

A

bladder

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4
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus, part of the nephron, cluster of capillaries that filter blood

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5
Q

kal/i

A

potassium

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6
Q

ket/o

A

ketone bodies, accumulate in blood & excreted in urine when body uses fat for energy instead of glucose

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7
Q

lith/o

A

stone

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8
Q

nephr/o, ren/o

A

kidney

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9
Q

noct/o

A

night

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10
Q

peritone/o

A

peritoneum, serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering abdominal organs

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11
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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12
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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13
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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14
Q

urin/o, ur/o

A

urine

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15
Q

acute renal failure

A

sudden onset loss of kidneys’ ability to filter blood

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16
Q

azotemia

A

excessive nitrogenous waste in blood from kidneys not filtering properly

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17
Q

azoturia

A

excessive nitrogenous waste in urine from metabolizing excess amino acids

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18
Q

enuresis, incontinence

A

inability to control urination

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19
Q

epispadias

A

birth defect in which urethral opening is on upper side of penis instead of end

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20
Q

hemodialysis

A

procedure when a machine removes the waste from the blood when the kidneys are impaired, also called kidney dialysis

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21
Q

hypernephroma

A

cancer of the kidney, also known as renal cell carcinoma

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22
Q

hyponatremia

A

low sodium in the blood, can be caused by excessive sweating coupled with lack of replacement of electrolytes or excessive water intake (dilutes blood)

23
Q

hypospadias

A

birth defect in which urethral opening is on underside of penis instead of end

24
Q

micturition, micturate, void, voiding

A

urination

25
Q

nocturnal enuresis

A

nighttime involuntary urination

26
Q

over active bladder

A

frequent sudden urge to urinate

27
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

a procedure that uses the lining of the abdomen to filter and clean the blood inside of the body when the kidneys are not functioning adequately

28
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

disease characterized by formation of many fluid-filled cysts in kidneys

29
Q

stress urinary incontinence

A

loss of bladder control caused by application of external pressure from exercise, sneezing, laughing, or coughing

30
Q

urinary tract infection

A

infection of any part of urinary system, usually involving bladder (cystitis) and urethra

31
Q

vesicoureteral reflux

A

abnormal backward flow of urine from bladder to ureter

32
Q

blood urea nitrogen

A

blood test detecting excess waste in form of nitrogen and urea, indicates kidneys not functioning properly due to excessive breakdown of amino acids

33
Q

diuretic

A

dietary or medicinal product that increases urination

34
Q

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

A

breakdown of kidney stones using sound waves generated outside body

35
Q

intracorporeal lithotripsy

A

breakdown of kidney stones using device placed inside body

36
Q

intravenous pyelogram

A

x-ray of urinary tract after contrast administered via IV

37
Q

retrograde pyelogram

A

x-ray of urinary tract after a contrast administered via catheter through urethra directly into bladder

38
Q

urinalysis

A

analysis of urine by physical, chemical, and microscopic means

39
Q

urinary catheterization

A

procedure of inserting flexible tube through urethra to drain bladder

40
Q

voiding cystourethrogram

A

x-ray of bladder and kidney, bladder filled with liquid contrast, x-ray taken while patient urinates

41
Q

ARF

A

acute renal failure

42
Q

BUN

A

blood urea nitrogen

43
Q

ESWL

A

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

44
Q

HD

A

hemodialysis

45
Q

I&O

A

intake and output

46
Q

IVP

A

intravenous pyelogram

47
Q

OAB

A

overactive bladder

48
Q

PKD

A

polycystic kidney disease

49
Q

RP

A

retrograde pyelogram

50
Q

SUI

A

stress urinary incontinence

51
Q

UA

A

urinalysis

52
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

53
Q

VCUG

A

voiding cystourethrogram

54
Q

VUR

A

vesicoureteral reflux

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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