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Medical Terminology > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

-ase

A

Word ending for enzymes, a type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions

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2
Q

-blast

A

Rapidly dividing cell

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3
Q

-cyte

A

Cell

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4
Q
  • elle
  • icle
  • iculum
  • ion
  • ole
  • ule
  • ula
  • ular
  • ulum
A

Diminutive suffix; it makes whatever is in front of it smaller (icicle)

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5
Q
  • gen
  • genic
  • genesis
  • genous
A

Creation of creating; giving rise to

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6
Q

-ic

A

Referring to

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7
Q
  • id
  • ide
  • tide
A

Word ending for many chemicals

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8
Q
  • in
  • ein
  • globulin
A

Word endings commonly used to indicate a protein (-in is sometimes used for general non-protein chemicals)

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9
Q

-ine

A

Word ending commonly used to indicate an amino acid, one of the building blocks of proteins

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10
Q

-ium

A

Tissue or structure

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11
Q

-lysis

A

Breakdown; destruction

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12
Q

-oid

A

Resembling

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13
Q

-ol

A

Word ending commonly used to indicate an alcohol

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14
Q

-olus

A

Smaller

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15
Q

-oma

A

Tumor or swelling

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16
Q

-ose

A

word ending commonly used to indicate a sugar

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17
Q

-osis

A

Process

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18
Q

-ote

A

Type of cell; word ending borrowed from zygote

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19
Q

-penia

A

Deficiency; lack of

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20
Q

-poiesis

A

Process of creation

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21
Q

-some

A

Body

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22
Q

Acid

A

a substance which gives off hydrogen ions

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23
Q

Active

A

Requires energy

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24
Q

Agonist

A

Fighter, champion (Greek agonistes)

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25
Q

Amino

A

Chemical group containing the element nitrogen

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26
Q

Archaea

A

Greek arkhaios “ancient”, the oldest and most primitive form of living things (compare archeology, archaic)

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27
Q

Bio

A

Life

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28
Q

Cancer

A

A disease characterized by uncontrolled cell division and/or the unusual appearance of cells; literally Greek “crab”

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29
Q

Capsid

A

Latin capsa, “box”

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30
Q

Cell

A

Unit of living things, bounded by a cellular membrane

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31
Q

Centr/i

Centr/o

A

Center

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32
Q

Chondr

A

Granule

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33
Q

Chrom/at

Chrom/o

A

Color

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34
Q

Clone

A

A cell which is an exact genetic copy of its parent cell

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35
Q

Deoxyrib/o

A

A sugar which is similar to ribose but is missing an oxygen

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36
Q

Dox

A

Opinion; belief

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37
Q

Electron

A

Subatomic particle, used in microscopes for visualizing molecular-size objects

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38
Q

Feedback

A

Information in the body used to monitor a state or condition

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39
Q

Golgi apparatus
Golgi bodies
Golgi complex

A

Three names for the same organelle, discovered by Camilo Golgi, a 19th century Italian anatomist

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40
Q

Karyon

A

Nucleus, from Greek “nut”

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41
Q

Lys/o

Lytic

A

Breakdown; destruction

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42
Q

Malignant

A

Invasive or destructive; literally, “followers of the antichrist”

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43
Q

Meion

A

Lessen; reduce

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44
Q

Mito

A

Thread

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45
Q

Myel/o

A

Marrow, especially bone marrow which makes the body’s defensive cells

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46
Q

Necr/o

A

Death

47
Q

Nucleus

A

The center of a cell, often bound by another membrane

48
Q

Onc/o

A

Cancer

49
Q

Organ

A

Tool; instrument

50
Q

Paradox

A

Against prevailing opinion; unexpected

51
Q

Passive

A

Does not require energy

52
Q

Phag/o

A

Eating

53
Q

Phage

A

Eating

54
Q

Pin/o

A

Drinking

55
Q

Plasm

A

Jelly

56
Q

Ptosis

A

Drooping

57
Q

Respiration

A

Literally “breathing”, but used to describe the process of turning oxygen into energy

58
Q

Ret/e

A

Net

59
Q

Rib/o

A

A sugar which is the basis for many molecules

60
Q

Soma

A

Body

61
Q

Stasis

A

Stopping; holding

62
Q

Transcript

A

Changing the form without changing the language (ex. Oral to written, or DNA to RNA)

63
Q

Translate

A

Changing the language (ex. Portuguese to English, or RNA to protein)

64
Q

Transmissibility

A

The ability of a disease to move from one person to another

65
Q

Ves

A

Bladder

66
Q

Virulence

A

The severity of a disease

67
Q

Virus

A

Latin, “slimy liquid”; “poison”

68
Q

Zym/o

A

Leavening (the chemical process that makes bubbles in bread and beer)

69
Q

Ant-

Anti-

A

Against (action)

70
Q

Apo-

A

Off

71
Q

Endo-

A

Inside

72
Q

Eu-

A

Perfect, true

73
Q

Homeo-

A

Same

74
Q

Leuko-

A

White

75
Q

Micro-

A

Small

76
Q

Para-

A

Against, contrary

77
Q

Pro-

A

Before; early

78
Q

Sym-

A

Together (symphony, musicians playing together)

79
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate, the “energy currency” of the cell

80
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

81
Q

H, H+

A

Hydrogen, hydrogen ion

82
Q

K, K+

A

Potassium, potassium ion

83
Q

mRNA

A

Messenger RNA

84
Q

Na, Na+

A

Sodium, sodium ion

85
Q

RER

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

86
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic acid

87
Q

rRNA

A

Ribosomal RNA

88
Q

Alpha (α)

A

First

89
Q

Beta (β)

A

Second

90
Q

Gamma (γ)

A

Third

91
Q

Delta (δ)

A

Fourth

92
Q

Epsilon (ε)

A

Fifth

93
Q

Apoptosis

Prefix meaning:
Root meaning:
Suffix meaning:
Definition:

A

Prefix meaning: off
Root meaning: falling
Suffix meaning: —
Definition: intentional or programmed cell death

94
Q

Necrosis

Prefix meaning:
Root meaning:
Suffix meaning:
Definition:

A

Prefix meaning: —
Root meaning: death
Suffix meaning: process
Definition: pathological or unintentional cell death

95
Q

Homeostasis

Prefix meaning:
Root meaning:
Suffix meaning:
Definition:

A

Prefix meaning: same
Root meaning: holding
Suffix meaning: —
Definition: a state of equilibrium or balance in the body

96
Q

Nucleic

Prefix meaning:
Root meaning:
Suffix meaning:
Definition:

A

Prefix meaning: —
Root meaning: center of the cell
Suffix meaning: referring to
Definition: nucleic acids (deoxyribonucleic acid ribonucleic acid) are chemicals which were first isolated from the nucleus of living cells

97
Q

Ribonucleic

Prefix meaning:
Root meaning:
Suffix meaning:
Definition:

A

Prefix meaning: ribose sugar
Root meaning: center of the cell
Suffix meaning: referring to
Definition: a chemical used in cells to make proteins

98
Q

Deoxyribonucleic

Prefix meaning:
Root meaning:
Suffix meaning:
Definition:

A

Prefix meaning: ribose sugar with an oxygen removed
Root meaning: center of the cell
Suffix meaning: referring to
Definition: a chemical used in cells to store information

99
Q

Nucleolus

Prefix meaning:
Root meaning:
Suffix meaning:
Definition:

A

Prefix meaning: —
Root meaning: center of cell
Suffix meaning: smaller
Definition: a smaller region within the nucleus which makes RNA

100
Q

Endoplasmic

Prefix meaning:
Root meaning:
Suffix meaning:
Definition:

A

Prefix meaning: inside
Root meaning: jelly
Suffix meaning: referring to
Definition: first word in endoplasmic reticulum, a cell organelle

101
Q

Reticulum

Prefix meaning:
Root meaning:
Suffix meaning:
Definition:

A

Prefix meaning: —
Root meaning: net
Suffix meaning: smaller
Definition: second word in endoplasmic reticulum

102
Q

Vesicle

Prefix meaning:
Root meaning:
Suffix meaning:
Definition:

A

Prefix meaning: —
Root meaning: bladder
Suffix meaning: smaller
Definition: membrane-bound organelle found in cells; often used to export materials from the cell

103
Q

Lysosome

Prefix meaning:
Root meaning:
Suffix meaning:
Definition:

A

Prefix meaning: —
Root meaning: breakdown
Suffix meaning: body
Definition: cellular organelle that breaks down substances

104
Q

Enzyme

Prefix meaning:
Root meaning:
Suffix meaning:
Definition:

A

Prefix meaning: inside
Root meaning: leavening
Suffix meaning: —
Definition: chemical that speeds up chemical reactions; catalyst

105
Q

Organelle

Prefix meaning:
Root meaning:
Suffix meaning:
Definition:

A

Prefix meaning: —
Root meaning: organ
Suffix meaning: smaller
Definition: membrane-found units that perform specific jobs within the cell

106
Q

Mitochondrion

Prefix meaning:
Root meaning:
Suffix meaning:
Definition:

A

Prefix meaning: —
Root meaning: thread + granule
Suffix meaning: smaller
Definition: energy-producing organelle

107
Q

Symbiosis

Prefix meaning:
Root meaning:
Suffix meaning:
Definition:

A

Prefix meaning: together
Root meaning: life
Suffix meaning: process
Definition: organisms living together

108
Q

Centriole

Prefix meaning:
Root meaning:
Suffix meaning:
Definition:

A

Prefix meaning: —
Root meaning: center
Suffix meaning: smaller
Definition: organelle involved in cell division

109
Q

Centrosome

Prefix meaning:
Root meaning:
Suffix meaning:
Definition:

A

Prefix meaning: —
Root meaning: center + body
Suffix meaning: —
Definition: organelle involved in cell division

110
Q

Microtubules

Prefix meaning:
Root meaning:
Suffix meaning:
Definition:

A

Prefix meaning: very small
Root meaning: tubes
Suffix meaning: smaller
Definition: a structural part of the cell skeleton or cytoskeleton

111
Q

Mitosis

Prefix meaning:
Root meaning:
Suffix meaning:
Definition:

A

Prefix meaning: —
Root meaning: thread
Suffix meaning: process
Definition: one type of cell division that preserves genetic information

112
Q

Meiosis

Prefix meaning:
Root meaning:
Suffix meaning:
Definition:

A

Prefix meaning: —
Root meaning: reducing
Suffix meaning: process
Definition: one type of cell division that involves a reduction in the amount of genetic information

113
Q

Bacteriophage

Prefix meaning:
Root meaning:
Suffix meaning:
Definition:

A

Prefix meaning: —
Root meaning: bacteria
Suffix meaning: eating
Definition: virus that lyses (eats) bacteria

114
Q

Leukocyte

Prefix meaning:
Root meaning:
Suffix meaning:
Definition:

A

Prefix meaning: white
Root meaning: cell
Suffix meaning: —
Definition: white blood cell

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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