Unit 6: Industrialization and Its Effects Flashcards
Why did England lead industrialization in Europe?
Anna
They had access to coal, they were prominent in the textile industry, and stable British government.
What were some ideas of conservatism and Metternich?
Anna
Preserving traditional order, alliances between strong countries, and maintain rule of humans because they need rule.
What did the Factory Act of 1833 do?
Anna
Limitted the number of hours that children could work in Factories.
What did the Mines Act of 1842 do?
Zach Brown
It was a law that banned all women, girls, and boys under ten from working in mines.
What was the Karlsbad Decree and what did it do?
Zach Brown
It was a law that required all German states to outlaw liberal reform and nationalistic ideals. It worked through censorship of the press and was made by Metternich.
Who was Karl Marx and what did he believe?
Zach Brown
He was a socialist who founded Marxism. He believed that capitalism is highly exploitative and that all conflict in history was related to class conflict. He was also the author of the Communist Manifesto.
6.5 The Concert of Europe and European Conservatism
What was the Concert of Europe?
Jaelyn Yu
A conservative agreement among European powers, mostly powerful individuals from various nations (including Metternich) to maintain existing balances of power.
What did the Education Act of 1870 do?
It established government-funded schools, shifting education from private charities and religious organizations to state-run institutions, ensuring broader access to schooling.
6.3 Second Wave Industrialization and Its Effects
What was the Zollverein?
Jaelyn Yu
A trade union formed between German states in 1833-1834 intending for a free trade area within their territories and standardized tariff/economic policies.
What role did charitable organizations play in addressing urban poverty during the Industrial Revolution?
hey established institutions like Ragged Schools to provide education, food, and social services for impoverished children in growing cities.
What are the key principles of anarchism?
Anarchism advocates for the abolition of centralized authority and government, promoting self-governing societies based on voluntary cooperation, mutual aid, and individual freedom. Thinkers like Mikhail Bakunin argued that true freedom is only possible without hierarchical power structures.
How was the second industrial revolution different from the first?
Kyanna C
It’s advancements included steel, electricity, chemicals, and improved industrial efficiency.
What impact did the industrial revolution have on European society?
kyanna
It led to urbanization, economic growth, and the rise of the working class.
How did liberalism differ from conservatism?
kyanna
Liberalism advocated for individual freedom, constitutional government, and political reform. On the other hand, conservatism favored tradition, monarchy and social hiearchy.
What was the signifacance of the Womens Suffrage movement during the 19th Century?
Jonah
It demanded that women should be equal under the law and challenged the idea of women being second class citizens.
What were the ideas of Romanticism?
Jonah
To focus on individual expression, reconnection with nature, and prioritizng intuition over resoning.
Why was Great Britain so ahead during the first Industrial Revolution?
Jonah
Acess to raw materials, well developed banking systems, high workforce, and technological advancements.
What were the Luddites?
Abe
The Luddites were skilled artisans and craftsmen who were displaced by the Industrial Revolution and became angry with the revolution.
What was the Frankfurt assembly?
Abe
The Frankfurt assembly was where German delegates were allowed by Frederick Willliam IV to meet to draft a new constitution consisting of liberal reforms. It was ultimately disbanded and stopped due to the conservationists being able to separate the delegates into different opposing sides due to their different wants.
What was the Factory Act of 1833?
Abe
It was an act passed by the government which limited the work hours of children. It was put in as a way to regulate child work and harsh conditions for them.
What was the crystal palace and what did it show?
Jameson
The Crystal Palace was a massive glass and iron exhibition center built for the 1851 Great Exhibition in London which showed Britain’s industrial power, technological advancements, and dominace over industry
What was Utopian socialism and who was the main figure?
Jameson
Utopian socialism was an form of socialism that pictured ideal communities based on equality, commonly associated with Robert Owen.
Who was Charles X and what were his main aspects?
Jameson
Charles X was the king of France from 1824-1830 known for his conservatism and the spark of the July revolution of 1830 culminating in his abdication.
What was the spinny jenny, and why was it significant?
Brooke
The spinny jenny allowed for one worker to spin multiple threads of yarn at one time, it allowed for a significant increase in production speed which increased textile production by a lot.
What was the quadruple alliance and why was it important?
Brooke
The quadruple aliance was a political agreement between England, Austria, Prussia, and Russia, made to maintain peace and a balance of power following Napoleon.
Why was the steam engine significant?
Brooke
The steam engine powered machines that mass produced goods, and well as making trasport of these goods much more efficent.
What were the main ideas of socialism?
Socialism included the ideas of greater social equality, state regulation of property and a sense of community.
What were the Corn Laws and what impact did they have?
Laws governing the import and export of grain in Britain. In 1815 they placed high tariffs on imported grain, which received backlash because it rose the price of bread for the working class.
Who did socialism appeal to and what was its main ideas?
Cole Foster
The proletariat and it majorly believed in equality and fairness.
Who was Thomas Malthus and what was his main idea?
Cole
He was an economist who believed that eventually the population would surpass the amount of food being produced and die off.
What did the chartist movement advocate for?
Cole
Universal Male Suffrage
Who was leading the German steel production in the second industrial revolution Revolution.
The Krupp Family.
What is laissez faire?
A liberal belief that called for no government interference in the economy.
Where did the industrial revolution start?
The industrial revolution started in northern England in cities like Manchester or Liverpool.
Why did the Revolution of 1848 fail in Germany.
Disagreements between the different revolutionary groups made it easier for the Prussian King to intervene.
What were the major Industries during the Industrial revolution?
Riley B.
The major industries were textile factories and coal. During the second revolution it was iron and steel.
When did the two Industrial Revolutions take place?
Riley B.
The first Industrial Revolution took place in the early 19th century from 1760-1840. The second Industrial Revolution took place during the late 19th century from 1870-1914.
Who was Friedrich Eagles and what did he do?
Riley B.
Friedrich Eagles was a colleague of Karl Marx. He wrote The Condition of the Working Class in England (1844). This book was hugely influential and helped show light on the exploitation and poverty that stemmed from capitalism.
