Unit 2 Reformation Flashcards
How was Martin Luther able to spread his ideas so quickly?
Zachary Brown
He used the printing press.
Who are the Anabaptists and what did they believe?
Zachary Brown
They are a “radical” group that believed adults could be baptized.
What did the Edict of Nantes do?
Zachary Brown
It allowed Huguenots to exist within France without fear of persecution.
2.4 Wars of Religion
What did the Peace of Westphalia do?
Jaelyn Yu
Extend upon the Peace of Augsburg by adding Calvinism to the list of acceptable religions after the Thirty Years’ War.
2.3 Protestant Reform Continues
What was the main difference between Calvinism and Lutheranism?
Jaelyn Yu
Lutheranism focused on the free will of humans, while Calvinism believed in predestination.
2.7 Art of the 16th Century: Mannerism and Baroque Art
What was a key difference between Renaissance and Mannerist art?
Jaelyn Yu
Renaissance artists focused on humanism, naturalism, and realism, while Mannerist artists tended to exaggeration features (due to there being no initial sketch) for the sake of expression.
What were the German Princes war and what did they end in?
Anna Hastings
They were a conflict between German princes and Charles V over religion. They ended with the Peace of Augsburg in 1555.
2.2
What were major differences between Catholicism and Protestantism?
Anna Hastings
- priest and scripture vs scripture
- good works and faith vs faith alone
- sale of indulgences vs no indulgences
2.4 Wars of Religion
What was the event that marked the beginning of the 30 Years War?
Cole Foster
Defenestration of Prague (1618)
2.5 The Catholic Reformation
What order of the Catholic Church was founded to combat the Protestant Reformation and spread Catholicism to new regions?
Cole Foster
The Jesuit Order
2.2 Luther and the Protestant Reformation
What assembly was Luther called to after posting the 95 Theses in order to explain his actions?
Cole Foster
The Diet of Worms (1521)
What were the main goals of the Catholic Reformation (also known as the Counter-Reformation)?
The main goals of the Catholic Reformation were to reform the Catholic Church from within and to respond to the challenges posed by the Protestant Reformation.
What were the main causes of the Protestant Reformation?
The Protestant Reformation, which began in the early 16th century, was caused by a combination of religious, political, economic, and social factors.
What were the main outcomes of the Council of Trent?
s
The Council of Trent was one of the most important events of the Catholic Reformation and was called in response to the Protestant Reformation. The council aimed to address doctrinal disputes and reform the Catholic Church from within.
In what ways did the Protestant Reformation contribute to the rise of individualism and the challenges of traditional authority?
Individualism:
* sola scriptura
* rejection of church authority
* “priesthood of all believers”
Challenges to authority:
* fragmented Cristendom
* empowered secular rulers
* social hierachies challenged(peasant wars)
What was the primary purpose of the Peace of Augsburg?
The primary purpose of the Peace of Augsburg was to end religious conflict between Lutherans and Roman Catholics in German states, by allowing the states to choose between which religion of the two to follow.
Which form of Protestantism did the Peace of Augsburg NOT allow
Katie P
Calvinism
2.4 Wars of Religion
When did the Thirty Years War Start and End?
Riley Baca
1618-1648
2.2 Luther and the Protestant Reformation
What religions were allowed after the Peace of Augsburg?
Riley Baca
Only Lutheranism and Catholicism were allowed. Each state Prince was allowed to choose which religion would be used in their domain. This new law gave the Prince’s some of their independence back, which was highly sought out for.
What were the key criticisms of the Catholic Church that contributed the to Luther’s writing of the 95 theses?
The key criticisms included clerical immorality priestly ignorance, pluralism, simony, Neopotism, and the selling of indulgences.
Why did France join the Protestants in the 30 years war?
Katie P
To counter the Hapsburgs
2.7 Art of the 16th Century: Mannerism and Baroque Art
What are the main differences between Mannerism and Baroque art?
Riley Baca
Mannerism was distorted to exaggerate emotion, while Barque was very detailed and elaborate to show off wealth in the Catholic reformation.
What caused the German Peasant Wars?
Conall V
Luther’s ideas becoming widespread throughout Europe lead German citizens to use them as a justification for their rebellion against the Holy Roman Empire
What was the St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre?
Conall V
The St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre was the mass murder of thousands of Hugegonots in Paris by a Catholic mob in 1572. It was orchestrated by the regent of France, Catherine de’ Medici.
Who was John Calvin and what was a main aspect of Calvinism?
John Calvin was a French reformer and the creator of Calvinism, one of his main beliefs was in predestination.
How did Martin Luther respond to the German peasants’ wars?
Luther denounced the peasants, showing his want to only cause church reformation, not political revolt
How was Mannerist art different from northern renaissance art?
While both Mannerist art and northern renaissance art focused on religious topics Mannerist art typically was depicted with distorted or dramatic emotion.
What were five key practices/ideas of the church that Martin Luther criticized?
Pluralism/absenteeism, immorality, sale of indulgences, simony, and nepotism.
What was the outcome of the Thirty Years War and what was the result of said outcome.
The Thirty Years War resulted in the Peace of Westphalia in which Calvinism was a legally recognized religion. It also resulted in the power of the Holy Roman Empire and the Habsburgs being diminished. Also it reaffirmed the Augsburgs right to plurality
How did the Catholic Church address corruption and criticism by protestant reformers after the Council of Trent?
Liam Mattox
The Catholic Church addressed corruption and criticism after the Council of Trent by placing more importance on instructing the laypeople with the establishment of seminaries for training priests, ending simony, and increased control over the lives of clergy.
Why was Charles V unable to intervene sooner in the deviation of German Princes towards Lutheranism?
Charles V was unable to intervene in Germany sooner because of an Ottoman invasion of eastern Europe under Suleiman the Magnificent that reached as far as Vienna in 1529 and the Habsburg-Valois wars which ended in 1559 with the treaty of Cateau-Cambreis. These other wars forced him to concede more to the rebellious German princes.
Why did witch hunts become much more common during the 16th and 17th centuries?
Liam Mattox
Witch hunts became more common during the 16th and 17th centuries because of new gender roles in protestant and catholic regions that resulted from increased importance of marriage and the end of convents in Protestant areas, women increasingly accused others who were outcasts, ex: unmarried, of witchcraft to prove they were good, pious wives. The printing press enabled the wider distribution of witch hunting pamphlets which sold well and caused a witch panic.
