Unit 6 - Human Body Systems

Question 1

What is the purpose of the digestive system? Where does digestion begin?

Answer 1

To take energy from food, physically and chemically. Digestion starts in the mouth

Question 2

Pharynx- Esophagus- Stomach-

Answer 2

Pharynx is the connection between digestion and the respiratory tract. Esophagus is where food is pushed to the stomach by Peristalsis (contraction of smooth muscle) Stomach- muscular sac that chemically and mechanically digests food

Question 3

What’s the sphincter?

Answer 3

A ring of muscle that closes off so food doesn’t go back up to the mouth

Question 4

What aids in digestion?

Answer 4

Hydrochloric Acid

Question 5

Small intestines- Large intestines-

Answer 5

Small intestine: chemical digestion and absorption of food. Has villi and microvilli! Large Intestine: absorbs water from digested food

Question 6

What are the accessory structures that aid in digestion in the small intestines?

Answer 6

The pancreas, liver and gallbladder

Question 7

What is the function of the Excretory System?

Answer 7

Gets rid of toxic chemicals, maintain pH levels and balances water contents of blood

Question 8

What does the skin do (in excretory system)

Answer 8

Excretes water, salt, and urea

Question 9

What does the liver do (excretory system)

Answer 9

Takes nitrogen compounds from amino acid and converts it to urea

Question 10

What are the parts of the kidney?

Answer 10

Renal cortex (outer layer), renal medulla (tissue mass) and renal pelvis (inner layer)

Question 11

What what are Nephrons?

Answer 11

Microscopic functional unit of the kidney (does the actual filtering)

Question 12

What is the function of the immune system?

Answer 12

Maintain homeostasis, produce appropriate responses, and protect against pathogens.

Question 13

What does the first line of defense consist of?

Answer 13

Skin, saliva, stomach acid, mucus (gathers bacteria), and cilla (things that sweep mucus into throats for coughing & swallowing)

Question 14

What consists of the second line of defense?

Answer 14

Antigens, blood, lymph nodes, thymus gland (produces T-cells), bone marrow (produce B-cells)

Question 15

What is inflammation?

Answer 15

Due to increased blood flow in the area of infection

Question 16

What are microphages?

Answer 16

A white blood cell that targets pathogens

Question 17

What are B-lymphocytes? What are the two types?

Answer 17

B lymphocytes: mature in bone marrow Plasma B-cells: create antibodies that bind to antigen Memory B-cells: remember the pathogen

Question 18

Where do T lymphocytes mature, and what are the two t-cell types?

Answer 18

They mature in the thymus. There are helper t-cells (activate B cells once macrophage shows antigen) and killer t-cells (kill infected host cells)

Question 19

Treatment to allergies include what two medicines?

Answer 19

Benadryl, Epinephrine

Question 20

The two layers of skin are..

Answer 20

Epidermis: the outer layer made of epithelial cells and has no blood vessels Dermis: true skin made of connective tissue and has blood vessels

Question 21

What are the layers in the epidermis?

Answer 21

Squamous germination, stratum corneum, and pigment layer

Question 22

What’s the Dermal Papillae?

Answer 22

It’s what’s on your finger that creates a finger print

Question 23

Hypodermal layer..

Answer 23

Subcanteous layer, carries major blood vesicles, made of loose connective tissue, insulates and cushions the body.

Question 24

What are the two types of sudoriferous glands?

Answer 24

Eccrine: assists in body heat regulation Apocrine: found in axilla (armpit) and genitalia. Causes BO

Question 25

What is the Arrector Pili Muscle?

Answer 25

Muscle at the end of hair follicle near bulb that produces goose bumps

Question 26

What is the function of the skeletal system?

Answer 26

Support body, protect organs, allow movement, store minerals, form blood cells

Question 27

Cartilage to bone is called..

Answer 27

Ossification

Question 28

What controls homeostasis?

Answer 28

Feedback mechanisms

Question 29

Where does gas exchange occur?

Answer 29

The alveoli

Question 30

Steps of digestion..

Answer 30

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Question 31

What's the medulla oblongata?

Answer 31

Located in your brain stem, detect CO2 in blood panda controls involuntary breathing

Question 32

CNS consists of.. PNS consists of..

Answer 32

Brian and spinal chord Everything else

Question 33

Autonomic NS Somatic NS

Answer 33

Involuntary. Transmit from CNS to cardiac and smooth muscle Voluntary. Transmit from CNS to skeletal muscle

Question 34

Neurons send signals along their _________ to the _________ of other neurons.

Answer 34

Axons, dendrites

Question 35

Cerebrum: Cerebellum: Braun stem: Thalamus: Hypothalamus:

Answer 35

Controls voluntary activities Coordination & balance Controls blood pressure, breathing, and heart rate Relays sensory information Controls hunger, body temp, sleep, and moods

Question 36

Hippocampus: Amyhdala:

Answer 36

new memories about past Emotional center

Question 37

Endocrine is made of.. and does what?

Answer 37

Glands, and releases hormones into the blood stream

Question 38

What is the pituitary gland called and list 2 hormones.

Answer 38

The master gland, that's controlled by the hypothalamus. Contains growth hormones, and antidiuretic hormones.

Question 39

What is the thyroid gland and the parathyroid gland?

Answer 39

Thyroid: regulates body's mechanism Parathyroid: maintains homeostasis of calcium levels

Question 40

What is the cause of diabetes and what are the types?

Answer 40

A malfunction of the pancreas Type 1: autoimmune disorder that develops before age 15 & requires insulin shots Type 2: usually develops after age of 40, most common type Gestational: high glucose level during pregnancy

Question 41

Puberty begins when what happens?

Answer 41

When the hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to produce gonadotropins.

Question 42

What's an acrosome?

Answer 42

The part of the sperm that breaks down the outer membrane of an egg cell

Question 43

Sperms are..

Answer 43

Haploid, short lived, produce in large quantities

Question 44

Scrotum: Testes: Epididymis: Vas Deferens: Bulbourethral:

Answer 44

Muscular sac around testes to protect them Sperm are produced in seminiferous tube of each testicle Sperm is stored here Sperm move through this Lubricates urethra for ejaculation

Question 45

Menstruation lasts how many days? How long is the menstrual cycle?

Answer 45

3-5 days 28 days

Question 46

When two cells fuse what is that called?

Answer 46

A zygote