Natural Selection/Evolution

Question 1

Three word definition of evolution

Answer 1

Change over time

Question 2

What is artificial selection?

Answer 2

When something other than nature breeds for a selected trait

(ex. dog breeds)

Question 3

Does the inheritance of acquired traits occur?

Answer 3

NO!

Question 4

Describe natural selection

Answer 4

Some individuals of a population or species are better suited, to survive and have more offspring.

Question 5

The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce

Answer 5

Fitness

Question 6

What does natural selection work upon?

Answer 6

PHENOTYPES

Question 7

All of the different alleles for all the genes in a population

Answer 7

Gene pool

Question 8

What type of trait has the most variability?

Answer 8

Polygenic traits

Question 9

If an allele makes up a third of the the alleles for that particular gene in a gene pool, what is its relative frequency?

Answer 9

33%

Question 10

List and describe the five factors that would cause evolution to occur in a population.

Answer 10

1. Small population size - the population shrinks and the decreased number makes up the new gene pool
2. Non-random mating - mates are chosen based on location or desired traits
3. Mutation - any change in the DNA sequence
4. Movement (gene flow) - immigration or emigration (movement of an organism into or out of a population)
5. Adaptation - a trait that makes an organism more likely to survive and reproduce

Question 11

What are the five conditions required for genetic equilibrium?

Answer 11

1. Large population
2. Random mating
3. NO mutation
4. NO movement
5. NO adaptations

Question 12

The two main sources of genetic variation are ______ and _______; which is more common?

Answer 12

mutation and gene shuffling

gene shuffling is more common

Question 13

What is genetic drift?

Answer 13

A RANDOM change in the allele frequency of a population

Question 14

Any time there is a change in the allele frequency, then _______ has occured.

Answer 14

Evolution

Question 15

Which type of natural selection is represented in the graph?

Answer 15

Stabilizing selection

Question 16

Which type of natural selection is represented in the graph?

Answer 16

Diversifying Selection

Question 17

What type of natural selection is represented in the graph?

Answer 17

Directional Selection

Question 18

The type of natural selection that selects against the extreme versions of a trait.

Answer 18

Stabilizing selection

Question 19

When the entire population’s traits move towards one particular version of the trait

Answer 19

Directional selection

Question 20

The only type of natural selection that can lead to speciation

Answer 20

Diversifying (disruptive) selection

Question 21

The idea that evolution occurs gradually over a long period of time

Answer 21

Gradualism

Question 22

What is punctuated equilibrium?

Answer 22

The idea that evolution occurs with periods of rapid change which are separated by periods of little or no change

Question 23

A type of adaptation that allows organisms to blend in with their environment

Answer 23

Camouflage

Question 24

What is warning coloration?

Answer 24

Organisms have coloration that signify their danger (usually toxicity)

Question 25

Organisms are lightly colored on their underside so that they are not seen as well by predators/prey

Answer 25

Counter shading

Question 26

Describe mimicry.

Answer 26

When an organism copies the appearance of another species

Question 27

Compare and contrast analogous and homologous structures.

Answer 27

Analogous structures - different structures that have the same function

Homologous structures - body parts that have the same structure in different animals but that carry out different functions

Question 28

A tool in science that is used to show common traits among organisms, how organisms are related, and common ancestors among different organisms.

Answer 28

Cladogram

Question 29

A type of isolation where organisms are separated by things such as rivers, mountains, or oceans

Answer 29

Geographic isolation

Question 30

The accumulation of differences between groups is called

Answer 30

Divergence (divergent evolution)