Unit 2 - DNA, Mitosis, Protein Synthesis

Question 1

A mass of cancer cells

Answer 1

Tumor

Question 2

When is DNA replicated?

Answer 2

During S phase (synthesis) of interphase

Question 3

The stages of the cell cycle include

Answer 3

Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis

Question 4

A skin cell is a ________ and has ___ chromosomes

Answer 4

Somatic (body) cell, 46 chromosomes

Question 5

Mitosis results in the formation of

Answer 5

2 identical diploid daughter cells, each with 46 chromosomes

Question 6

Somatic (body) cells are produced via

Answer 6

Mitosis

Question 7

During which stages of the cell cycle is DNA in chromosome form?

Answer 7

PMAT

Question 8

This picture shows a molecule of

Answer 8

mRNA

Question 9

The role of DNA polymerase is to

Answer 9

Add nucleotides to the growing DNA strand

Proofread the DNA as it’s being replicated

Question 10

What are the three problems that cells face as they grow larger?

Answer 10

1. Too much waste
2. Not enough nutrients
3. Too much DNA

Question 11

This picture shows an example of a

Answer 11

Ribosome (doing protein synthesis)

Question 12

How many codons are needed to code for 6 amino acids?

Answer 12

6

Question 13

The enzyme responsible for unzipping the DNA molecule for replication is

Answer 13

DNA Helicase

Question 14

What are cyclins? Why are they important to the cell cycle?

Answer 14

Cyclins are a group of proteins that work as internal regulators of the cell cycle by controlling the progression.

Question 15

True or false: surface area increases faster than volume.

Answer 15

False: volume increases faster than surface area

Question 16

The rate at which wastes are produced in cells is determined by the

Answer 16

Ratio of volume to surface area

Question 17

True or false: histones help condense chromosomes into chromatin

Answer 17

True - chromatin coils around the histones

Question 18

Label the parts of the chromosome

Answer 18

Question 19

A basic unit of DNA that is made up of a segment of DNA wound in sequence around eight histone protein cores

Answer 19

Nucleosome

Question 20

What events occur during interphase?

Answer 20

G1 - cell growth

S - synthesis

G2 - growth, preparation for division, replication of organelles

Question 21

Three letters in a row on tRNA is a(n)

Answer 21

Anticodon

Question 22

Division of the cytoplasm is

Answer 22

Cytokinesis

Question 23

Chargaff’s Rules states:

Answer 23

1. Purines and pyrimidines should appear in equal amounts
2. Adenine and Thymine should appear in equal amounts
3. Cytosine and Guanine should appear in equal amounts

Question 24

This picture shows a molecule of

Answer 24

tRNA

Question 25

Cell Division includes

Answer 25

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Question 26

How does cell division differ between plants and animals?

Answer 26

Plants - _no_ centrioles, form a cell plate during telophase that becomes the new cell wall during cytokinesis Animals - has centrioles, forms a cleavage furrow for cells to pinch off of each other

Question 27

Unregulated progression of the cell cycle results in

Answer 27

Cancer

Question 28

Compare and contrast DNA & RNA

Answer 28

DNA - has deoxyribose for sugar, ATCG bases, double stranded RNA - has ribose for sugar, AUCG bases, single stranded

Question 29

Codons are

Answer 29

3 letters in a row on **_mRNA_**

Question 30

When is DNA in chromatin form?

Answer 30

During Interphase and Cytokinesis

Question 31

How do purines and pyrimidines differ? Which bases are which?

Answer 31

Purines: adenine and guanine Pyrimidines: cytosine, thymine, uracil Purines - bigger and bulkier, double-ringed structures Pyrimidines - smaller, single-ringed structures

Question 32

Division of the nucleus is

Answer 32

Mitosis

Question 33

List the stages of mitosis in order, including what happens in each step

Answer 33

Prophase: nucleus dissolves, chromosomes thicken, centrioles wake up, spindle forms Metaphase: chromosomes line up down the cell equator Anaphase: sister chromatids are separated, spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids to opposite ends of the cell Telophase: cleavage furrow begins to form, nucleus reforms, chromosomes thin, centrioles go back to sleep, spindle dissolves

Question 34

Why is a smaller cell more efficient?

Answer 34

Greater ratio of surface area to volume