Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pre-AP Biology 101 > Unit 2 - DNA, Mitosis, Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

Unit 2 - DNA, Mitosis, Protein Synthesis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A mass of cancer cells

A

Tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When is DNA replicated?

A

During S phase (synthesis) of interphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The stages of the cell cycle include

A

Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A skin cell is a ________ and has ___ chromosomes

A

Somatic (body) cell, 46 chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mitosis results in the formation of

A

2 identical diploid daughter cells, each with 46 chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Somatic (body) cells are produced via

A

Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

During which stages of the cell cycle is DNA in chromosome form?

A

PMAT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

This picture shows a molecule of

A

mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The role of DNA polymerase is to

A

Add nucleotides to the growing DNA strand

Proofread the DNA as it’s being replicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the three problems that cells face as they grow larger?

A
  1. Too much waste
  2. Not enough nutrients
  3. Too much DNA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

This picture shows an example of a

A

Ribosome (doing protein synthesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many codons are needed to code for 6 amino acids?

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The enzyme responsible for unzipping the DNA molecule for replication is

A

DNA Helicase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are cyclins? Why are they important to the cell cycle?

A

Cyclins are a group of proteins that work as internal regulators of the cell cycle by controlling the progression.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or false: surface area increases faster than volume.

A

False: volume increases faster than surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The rate at which wastes are produced in cells is determined by the

A

Ratio of volume to surface area

17
Q

True or false: histones help condense chromosomes into chromatin

A

True - chromatin coils around the histones

18
Q

Label the parts of the chromosome

A
19
Q

A basic unit of DNA that is made up of a segment of DNA wound in sequence around eight histone protein cores

A

Nucleosome

20
Q

What events occur during interphase?

A

G1 - cell growth

S - synthesis

G2 - growth, preparation for division, replication of organelles

21
Q

Three letters in a row on tRNA is a(n)

A

Anticodon

22
Q

Division of the cytoplasm is

A

Cytokinesis

23
Q

Chargaff’s Rules states:

A
  1. Purines and pyrimidines should appear in equal amounts
  2. Adenine and Thymine should appear in equal amounts
  3. Cytosine and Guanine should appear in equal amounts
24
Q

This picture shows a molecule of

A

tRNA

25
Q

Cell Division includes

A

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

26
Q

How does cell division differ between plants and animals?

A

Plants - no centrioles, form a cell plate during telophase that becomes the new cell wall during cytokinesis

Animals - has centrioles, forms a cleavage furrow for cells to pinch off of each other

27
Q

Unregulated progression of the cell cycle results in

A

Cancer

28
Q

Compare and contrast DNA & RNA

A

DNA - has deoxyribose for sugar, ATCG bases, double stranded

RNA - has ribose for sugar, AUCG bases, single stranded

29
Q

Codons are

A

3 letters in a row on mRNA

30
Q

When is DNA in chromatin form?

A

During Interphase and Cytokinesis

31
Q

How do purines and pyrimidines differ? Which bases are which?

A

Purines: adenine and guanine

Pyrimidines: cytosine, thymine, uracil

Purines - bigger and bulkier, double-ringed structures

Pyrimidines - smaller, single-ringed structures

32
Q

Division of the nucleus is

A

Mitosis

33
Q

List the stages of mitosis in order, including what happens in each step

A

Prophase: nucleus dissolves, chromosomes thicken, centrioles wake up, spindle forms

Metaphase: chromosomes line up down the cell equator

Anaphase: sister chromatids are separated, spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids to opposite ends of the cell

Telophase: cleavage furrow begins to form, nucleus reforms, chromosomes thin, centrioles go back to sleep, spindle dissolves

34
Q

Why is a smaller cell more efficient?

A

Greater ratio of surface area to volume

Pre-AP Biology 101 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions