Unit 6 Flashcards
A three-phase experimental design consisting of an initial baseline phase (A) until steady state responding (or counter therapeutic trend) is obtained, an intervention phase in which the treatment condition (B) is implemented until the behavior has changed and steady state responding is obtained, and a return to baseline conditions (A) by withdrawing the independent variable to see whether responding “reverses” to levels observed in the initial baseline phase.
ABA design
An experimental design consisting of (1) an initial baseline phase (A) until steady state responding (or countertherapeutic trend) is obtained, (2) an initial intervention phase in which the treatment variable (B) is implemented until the behavior has changed and steady state responding is obtained, (3) a return to baseline conditions (A) by withdrawing the independent variable to see whether responding “reverses” to levels observed in the initial baseline phase, and (4) a second intervention phase (B) to see whether initial treatment effects are replicated.
ABAB design
A research design consisting of a baseline and treatment phase followed by withdrawal of treatment (the second baseline) and a second implementation of the treatment.
ABAB reversal design
An experimental design that corresponds to an A-B-A-B design, where the second baseline is replaced with a placebo phase (B).
ABCB design
A three-phase experimental design that begins with the treatment condition. After steady state responding has been obtained during the initial treatment phase (B), the treatment variable is withdrawn (A) to see whether responding changes in the absence of the independent variable. The treatment variable is then reintroduced (B) in an attempt to recapture the level of responding obtained during the first treatment phase.
BAB design
The variable in an experiment which is measured to determine whether it changes as a result of manipulations of the independent variable.
Dependent variable
An experimental technique that demonstrates the effects of reinforcement. Differential reinforcement of an incompatible or alternative behavior are used as a control condition, instead of a no-reinforcement condition.
DRI or DRA reversal technique
An experimental technique for demonstrating the effects of reinforcement by using differential reinforcement of other behavior as a control condition instead of a no-reinforcement (baseline) condition.
DRO reversal technique
A relationship between a behavior and an environmental event (or events) in which the occurrence of the behavior is controlled by the occurrence of the environmental event.
Functional relationship
A process in which the behavior occurs in the presence of antecedent stimuli that are similar in some way to the discriminative stimulus present when the behavior was reinforced.
Generalization
A visual representation of the occurrence of behavior over time.
Graph
The variable that is systematically manipulated by the researcher in an experiment to see whether changes produce reliable changes to the dependent variable.
Independent variable
A situation that occurs when the level of responding observed in a previous phase cannot be reproduced even though the experimental conditions are the same as they were during the earlier phase.
Irreversibility
Based on a Cartesian plane, a two-dimensional area formed by the intersection of two perpendicular lines, where any point within the plane represents a specific relation between the two dimensions described by the intersecting lines.
Line graph
Continuation of the behavior change for a long period after the termination of a behavior modification program.
Maintenance
