Unit 5

Question 1

A research design consisting of a baseline and a treatment phase.

Answer 1

A-B design

Question 2

The three-step form of reasoning that begins with a true antecedent-consequent statement and proceeds as follows: (1) if A is true, then B is true; (2) B is found to be true; (3) therefore, A is true.

Answer 2

Affirmation of the consequent

Question 3

A data path that shows an increasing trend in the response measure over time.

Answer 3

Ascending baseline

Question 4

The condition or phase in which no treatment is implemented.

Answer 4

Baseline

Question 5

A term sometimes used to refer to the experimental reasoning inherent in single-subject experimental designs that entails three elements: prediction, verification, and replication.

Answer 5

Baseline logic

Question 6

An uncontrolled factor known or suspected to exert influence on the dependent variable.

Answer 6

Confounding variable

Question 7

A data path that shows a decreasing trend in the response measure over time.

Answer 7

Descending baseline

Question 8

The outcome of an experiment that demonstrates convincingly a functional relation, or the extent to which a researcher maintains precise control of the independent variable by presenting it, withdrawing it, and/or varying its value.

Answer 8

Experimental control

Question 9

A statement of what the researcher seeks to learn by conducting the experiment

Answer 9

Experimental question

Question 10

The degree to which a study’s findings are generalizable to other subjects, settings, or behavior.

Answer 10

External validity

Question 11

Any aspect of the experimental setting, such as lighting or temperature, which must be held constant to prevent unplanned environmental variation.

Answer 11

Extraneous variable

Question 12

The extent to which an experiment shows convincingly that changes in behavior are a function of the independent variable and not the result of unknown or uncontrolled variables.

Answer 12

Internal validity

Question 13

An experiment designed to discover the differential effects of a range of values of an independent variable.

Answer 13

Parametric analysis

Question 14

Improvements in performance resulting from opportunities to perform a behavior repeatedly so that baseline measures can be obtained.

Answer 14

Practice effects

Question 15

Repeating conditions within an experiment to determine the reliability of effects and increase internal validity.

Answer 15

Replication

Question 16

This is a category of research designs that use a form of experimental reasoning called baseline logic to demonstrate the effect of the independent variable on the behavior of individual subjects.

Answer 16

Single-subject design

Question 17

Data that shows no evidence of an upward or downward trend.

Answer 17

Variable baseline

Question 18

A pattern of responding that exhibits relatively little variation in its measured dimensional qualities over a period of time.

Answer 18

Steady state responding

Question 19

Data points that do not consistently fall within a narrow range of values and do not suggest any clear trend.

Answer 19

Variable baseline

Question 20

The demonstration that the prior level of baseline responding would have remain unchanged had the independent variable not been introduced.

Answer 20

Verification