Unit 3

Question 1

The extent to which the observed values - the data produced by measuring an event - match the true state, or true values, of the event as it exists in nature.

Answer 1

Accuracy

Question 2

The extent to which the observer convinces herself or others that the data are trustworthy and deserve interpretation.

Answer 2

Believability

Question 3

Measurement conducted in a manner such that all instances of the response class(es) of interest are detected during the observation period.

Answer 3

Continuous

Question 4

Occurs when the behavior that is measured is the same as the behavior that is the focus of the investigation.

Answer 4

Direct measurement

Question 5

Measurement conducted in a manner such that some instances of the response class(es) of interest may not be detected.

Answer 5

Discontinuous measurement

Question 6

The percentage of total intervals in which two observers recorded the same count.

Answer 6

Exact count-per-interval IOA

Question 7

Occurs when the behavior that is measured is in some way different from the behavior of interest.

Answer 7

Indirect measurement

Question 8

An index of the agreement between observers for data obtained by interval recording or time sampling measurement.

Answer 8

Interval-by-interval IOA

Question 9

The average percentage of agreements between the counts reported by two observers in a measurement period comprised of a series of smaller counting times.

Answer 9

Mean count-per-interval IOA

Question 10

An IOA index for duration per occurrence data, calculated by computing the average percentage of agreement of the durations reported by two observers for each occurrence of the targeted behavior.

Answer 10

Mean duration-per-occurrence IOA

Question 11

An observer who is unaware of the study’s purpose and/or the experimental conditions in effect during a given phase or observation periods.

Answer 11

Naive observer

Question 12

A measure produced by an observation and measurement system.

Answer 12

Observed value

Question 13

Any unintended change in the way an observer uses a measurement system over the course of an investigation that results in measurement error.

Answer 13

Observer drift

Question 14

Refers to the consistency of measurement; specifically, the extent to which repeated measurements of the same event yields the same values.

Answer 14

Reliability

Question 15

An interobserver agreement index based only on the intervals in which either observer recorded the occurrence of the behavior.

Answer 15

Scored-interval IOA

Question 16

The simplest indicator of IOA for event recording data.

Answer 16

Total-count IOA

Question 17

A relevant index of IOA for total duration measurement

Answer 17

Total duration IOA

Question 18

An IOA index for discrete trial data based on comparing the observers’ count (0 or 1) on an item-by-item basis.

Answer 18

Trial-by-trial IOA

Question 19

An interobserver agreement index based only on the intervals in which either observer recorded the nonoccurrence of the behavior.

Answer 19

Unscored-interval IOA

Question 20

The extent to which data obtained from measurement are directly relevant to the target behavior of interest and to the reason(s) for measuring it.

Answer 20

Validity