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Unit 6-Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

Acyclovir; Penciclovir

Drug class

A

Purine analog (guanosine)

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2
Q

Acyclovir; Penciclovir

Mechanism

A

After phosphorylation, causes viral DNA chain termination

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3
Q

Acyclovir; Penciclovir

Uses

A

HSV, VZV (requires higher dose than HSV)

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4
Q

Acyclovir; Penciclovir

Side effects

A

CNS changes and renal dysfunction possible when used at higher doses

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5
Q

Valacyclovir; Famciclovir

Drug class

A

Purine analog (guanosine)

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6
Q

Valacyclovir; Famciclovir

Mechanism

A

Prodrug converted to Acyclovir & Penciclovir,respectively

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7
Q

Valacyclovir; Famciclovir

Uses

A

HSV, VZV (requires higher dose than HSV)

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8
Q

Valacyclovir; Famciclovir

Side effects

A

CNS changes and renal dysfunction possible when used at higher doses

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9
Q

Ganciclovir

Drug class

A

Purine analog (guanine)

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10
Q

Ganciclovir

Mechanism

A

After phosphorylation, causes viral DNA chain termination

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11
Q

Ganciclovir

Uses

A

Treatment & prophylaxis of CMV infection

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12
Q

Ganciclovir

Side effects

A

Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia

Rare GI intolerance

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13
Q

Foscarnet

Drug class

A

Pyrophosphate congener

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14
Q

Foscarnet

Mechanism

A

Directly inhibits HSV DNA polymerase or HIV reverse transcriptase

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15
Q

Foscarnet

Uses

A

Broad spectrum (HSV/VZV/CMV, and RNA viruses including HIV)

Used for invasive HSV/VZV infections from acyclovir resistant strains; alternative to ganciclovir for CMV

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16
Q

Foscarnet

Side effects

A

Dose-dependent renal and CNS toxicities, electrolyte & metabolic abnormalities
Myelosuppression

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17
Q

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu); Zanamivir (Relenza); Peramivir (Rapivab)
Drug class

A

Neuraminidase inhibitor

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18
Q

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu); Zanamivir (Relenza); Peramivir (Rapivab)
Mechanism

A

Prevent viral release from host cells

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19
Q

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu); Zanamivir (Relenza); Peramivir (Rapivab)
Uses

A

Influenza A, influenza B, (treat within 1-2 days of symptoms to speed functional recovery, decrease viral shedding duration)

Prophylaxis considered if in high-risk confined populations (nursing homes) or post-exposure prophylaxis for family members at high risk for severe disease

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20
Q

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu); Zanamivir (Relenza); Peramivir (Rapivab)
Side effects

A

Neuropsychiatric toxicity has been reported, GI side effects, brochospasm with zanamivir

Bronchospasms w/ inhaled zanamivir

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21
Q

Zidovudine (Retrovir)

Drug class

A

NRTIs

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22
Q

Zidovudine (Retrovir)

Mechanism

A

Inhibits reverse transcriptase

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23
Q

Zidovudine (Retrovir)

Uses

A

HIV

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24
Q

Zidovudine (Retrovir)

Side effects

A

Granulocytopenia; N & V; anemia

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25
Lamivudine (Epivir); Emtricitabine (Emtriva) | Drug class
NRTIs
26
Lamivudine (Epivir); Emtricitabine (Emtriva) | Mechanism
Inhibits reverse transcriptase
27
Lamivudine (Epivir); Emtricitabine (Emtriva) | Uses
HIV; HBV
28
Lamivudine (Epivir); Emtricitabine (Emtriva) | Side effects
Headache; N & V; rash; neutropenia; pancreatitis
29
Tenofovir (Viread) | Drug class
NRTIs
30
Tenofovir (Viread) | Mechanism
Inhibits reverse transcriptase
31
Tenofovir (Viread) | Uses
HIV; HBV
32
Tenofovir (Viread) | Side effects
Nephrotoxicity
33
Abacavir (Ziagen) | Drug class
NRTIs
34
Abacavir (Ziagen) | Mechanism
Inhibits reverse transcriptase
35
Abacavir (Ziagen) | Uses
HIV
36
Abacavir (Ziagen) | Side effects
Hypersensitivity reaction
37
Efavirenz (Sustiva); Nevirapine (Viramune); Rilpivirine (Edurant); Etravirine (Intelence) Drug class
NNRTIs
38
Efavirenz (Sustiva); Nevirapine (Viramune); Rilpivirine (Edurant); Etravirine (Intelence) Mechanism
Inhibit reverse transcriptasethrough direct enzyme inhibition
39
Efavirenz (Sustiva); Nevirapine (Viramune); Rilpivirine (Edurant); Etravirine (Intelence) Uses
HIV
40
Efavirenz (Sustiva); Nevirapine (Viramune); Rilpivirine (Edurant); Etravirine (Intelence) Side effects
Rash, CNS toxicity, vivid dreams Teratogenic; pregnancy category D for efavirenz only Affects P450 metabolism
41
Ritonavir (Norvir); Fosamprenavir (Lexiva); Atazanavir (Reyataz); Darunavir (Prezista); Lopinavir Drug class
HIV Protease inhibitors
42
Ritonavir (Norvir); Fosamprenavir (Lexiva); Atazanavir (Reyataz); Darunavir (Prezista); Lopinavir Mechanism
Prevent cleavage of protein chain into functional subunits
43
Ritonavir (Norvir); Fosamprenavir (Lexiva); Atazanavir (Reyataz); Darunavir (Prezista); Lopinavir Uses
HIV
44
Ritonavir (Norvir); Fosamprenavir (Lexiva); Atazanavir (Reyataz); Darunavir (Prezista); Lopinavir Side effects
``` Lipodystrophy syndrome (hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, fat distribution); rash Affects CP450 metabolism. Resistance develops slowly ```
45
Simeprevir; Bocepravir; Telapravir | Drug class
NS3/4A protease inhibitors
46
Simeprevir; Bocepravir; Telapravir | Mechanism
Prevent viral maturation through the inhibition of protein synthesis
47
Simeprevir; Bocepravir; Telapravir | Uses
HCV
48
Simeprevir; Bocepravir; Telapravir | Side effects
Anemia, rash, itching, GI side effects | Affects P450 metabolism
49
Ledipasvir; daclatasvir; ombitasvir | Drug class
HCV NS5A Inhibitor
50
Ledipasvir; daclatasvir; ombitasvir | Mechanism
Inhibit the viral phosphoprotein, NS5A, that is required for viral replication
51
Ledipasvir; daclatasvir; ombitasvir | Uses
HCV
52
Ledipasvir; daclatasvir; ombitasvir | Side effects
Few side effects; Fatigue, headache possible | Affects P450 metabolism
53
Enfuvitide (Fuzeon); Maraviroc (Selzentry) | Drug class
Entry inhibitors
54
Enfuvitide (Fuzeon); Maraviroc (Selzentry) | Mechanism
Prevent viral cell entry
55
Enfuvitide (Fuzeon); Maraviroc (Selzentry) | Uses
HIV
56
Enfuvitide (Fuzeon); Maraviroc (Selzentry) | Side effects
Enfuvirtide: injection site reactions
57
Raltegravir; Elvitegravir; Dolutegravir | Drug class
HIV integrase inhibitor
58
Raltegravir; Elvitegravir; Dolutegravir | Mechanism
Binds to HIV integrase to prevent viral DNA strand transfer
59
Raltegravir; Elvitegravir; Dolutegravir | Uses
HIV
60
Raltegravir; Elvitegravir; Dolutegravir | Side effects
Low side effect profile; headache
61
Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi); Paritaprevir | Drug class
NS5B Polymerase Inhibitor
62
Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi); Paritaprevir | Mechanism
Compete with viral nucleotide to cause viral chain termination of HCV RNA
63
Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi); Paritaprevir | Uses
HCV
64
Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi); Paritaprevir | Side effects
Few side effects; fatigue, headache, anemia possible
65
Ribavirin | Drug class
Nucleoside analog
66
Ribavirin | Mechanism
Thought to compete with viral nucleotides and cause chain termination
67
Ribavirin | Uses
HCV
68
Ribavirin | Side effects
Hemolytic anemia, teratogenic,
69
Interferon | Mechanism
Induce interferon-stimulating genes to establish antiviral state within cells
70
Interferon | Uses
HCV; multiple other indications
71
Interferon | Side effects
Flu-like symptoms, cytopenias, depression, fatigue

Pharmacology (26 decks)

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