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Pharmacology > Unit 6-Antivirals > Flashcards

Unit 6-Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

Acyclovir; Penciclovir

Drug class

A

Purine analog (guanosine)

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2
Q

Acyclovir; Penciclovir

Mechanism

A

After phosphorylation, causes viral DNA chain termination

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3
Q

Acyclovir; Penciclovir

Uses

A

HSV, VZV (requires higher dose than HSV)

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4
Q

Acyclovir; Penciclovir

Side effects

A

CNS changes and renal dysfunction possible when used at higher doses

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5
Q

Valacyclovir; Famciclovir

Drug class

A

Purine analog (guanosine)

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6
Q

Valacyclovir; Famciclovir

Mechanism

A

Prodrug converted to Acyclovir & Penciclovir,respectively

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7
Q

Valacyclovir; Famciclovir

Uses

A

HSV, VZV (requires higher dose than HSV)

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8
Q

Valacyclovir; Famciclovir

Side effects

A

CNS changes and renal dysfunction possible when used at higher doses

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9
Q

Ganciclovir

Drug class

A

Purine analog (guanine)

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10
Q

Ganciclovir

Mechanism

A

After phosphorylation, causes viral DNA chain termination

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11
Q

Ganciclovir

Uses

A

Treatment & prophylaxis of CMV infection

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12
Q

Ganciclovir

Side effects

A

Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia

Rare GI intolerance

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13
Q

Foscarnet

Drug class

A

Pyrophosphate congener

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14
Q

Foscarnet

Mechanism

A

Directly inhibits HSV DNA polymerase or HIV reverse transcriptase

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15
Q

Foscarnet

Uses

A

Broad spectrum (HSV/VZV/CMV, and RNA viruses including HIV)

Used for invasive HSV/VZV infections from acyclovir resistant strains; alternative to ganciclovir for CMV

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16
Q

Foscarnet

Side effects

A

Dose-dependent renal and CNS toxicities, electrolyte & metabolic abnormalities
Myelosuppression

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17
Q

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu); Zanamivir (Relenza); Peramivir (Rapivab)
Drug class

A

Neuraminidase inhibitor

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18
Q

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu); Zanamivir (Relenza); Peramivir (Rapivab)
Mechanism

A

Prevent viral release from host cells

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19
Q

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu); Zanamivir (Relenza); Peramivir (Rapivab)
Uses

A

Influenza A, influenza B, (treat within 1-2 days of symptoms to speed functional recovery, decrease viral shedding duration)

Prophylaxis considered if in high-risk confined populations (nursing homes) or post-exposure prophylaxis for family members at high risk for severe disease

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20
Q

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu); Zanamivir (Relenza); Peramivir (Rapivab)
Side effects

A

Neuropsychiatric toxicity has been reported, GI side effects, brochospasm with zanamivir

Bronchospasms w/ inhaled zanamivir

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21
Q

Zidovudine (Retrovir)

Drug class

A

NRTIs

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22
Q

Zidovudine (Retrovir)

Mechanism

A

Inhibits reverse transcriptase

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23
Q

Zidovudine (Retrovir)

Uses

A

HIV

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24
Q

Zidovudine (Retrovir)

Side effects

A

Granulocytopenia; N & V; anemia

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25
Q

Lamivudine (Epivir); Emtricitabine (Emtriva)

Drug class

A

NRTIs

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26
Q

Lamivudine (Epivir); Emtricitabine (Emtriva)

Mechanism

A

Inhibits reverse transcriptase

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27
Q

Lamivudine (Epivir); Emtricitabine (Emtriva)

Uses

A

HIV; HBV

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28
Q

Lamivudine (Epivir); Emtricitabine (Emtriva)

Side effects

A

Headache; N & V; rash; neutropenia; pancreatitis

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29
Q

Tenofovir (Viread)

Drug class

A

NRTIs

30
Q

Tenofovir (Viread)

Mechanism

A

Inhibits reverse transcriptase

31
Q

Tenofovir (Viread)

Uses

A

HIV; HBV

32
Q

Tenofovir (Viread)

Side effects

A

Nephrotoxicity

33
Q

Abacavir (Ziagen)

Drug class

A

NRTIs

34
Q

Abacavir (Ziagen)

Mechanism

A

Inhibits reverse transcriptase

35
Q

Abacavir (Ziagen)

Uses

A

HIV

36
Q

Abacavir (Ziagen)

Side effects

A

Hypersensitivity reaction

37
Q

Efavirenz (Sustiva); Nevirapine (Viramune); Rilpivirine (Edurant); Etravirine (Intelence)
Drug class

A

NNRTIs

38
Q

Efavirenz (Sustiva); Nevirapine (Viramune); Rilpivirine (Edurant); Etravirine (Intelence)
Mechanism

A

Inhibit reverse transcriptasethrough direct enzyme inhibition

39
Q

Efavirenz (Sustiva); Nevirapine (Viramune); Rilpivirine (Edurant); Etravirine (Intelence)
Uses

A

HIV

40
Q

Efavirenz (Sustiva); Nevirapine (Viramune); Rilpivirine (Edurant); Etravirine (Intelence)
Side effects

A

Rash, CNS toxicity, vivid dreams
Teratogenic; pregnancy category D for efavirenz only
Affects P450 metabolism

41
Q

Ritonavir (Norvir); Fosamprenavir (Lexiva); Atazanavir (Reyataz); Darunavir (Prezista); Lopinavir
Drug class

A

HIV Protease inhibitors

42
Q

Ritonavir (Norvir); Fosamprenavir (Lexiva); Atazanavir (Reyataz); Darunavir (Prezista); Lopinavir
Mechanism

A

Prevent cleavage of protein chain into functional subunits

43
Q

Ritonavir (Norvir); Fosamprenavir (Lexiva); Atazanavir (Reyataz); Darunavir (Prezista); Lopinavir
Uses

A

HIV

44
Q

Ritonavir (Norvir); Fosamprenavir (Lexiva); Atazanavir (Reyataz); Darunavir (Prezista); Lopinavir
Side effects

A 
Lipodystrophy syndrome (hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, fat distribution); rash
Affects CP450 metabolism. Resistance develops slowly
45
Q

Simeprevir; Bocepravir; Telapravir

Drug class

A

NS3/4A protease inhibitors

46
Q

Simeprevir; Bocepravir; Telapravir

Mechanism

A

Prevent viral maturation through the inhibition of protein synthesis

47
Q

Simeprevir; Bocepravir; Telapravir

Uses

A

HCV

48
Q

Simeprevir; Bocepravir; Telapravir

Side effects

A

Anemia, rash, itching, GI side effects

Affects P450 metabolism

49
Q

Ledipasvir; daclatasvir; ombitasvir

Drug class

A

HCV NS5A Inhibitor

50
Q

Ledipasvir; daclatasvir; ombitasvir

Mechanism

A

Inhibit the viral phosphoprotein, NS5A, that is required for viral replication

51
Q

Ledipasvir; daclatasvir; ombitasvir

Uses

A

HCV

52
Q

Ledipasvir; daclatasvir; ombitasvir

Side effects

A

Few side effects; Fatigue, headache possible

Affects P450 metabolism

53
Q

Enfuvitide (Fuzeon); Maraviroc (Selzentry)

Drug class

A

Entry inhibitors

54
Q

Enfuvitide (Fuzeon); Maraviroc (Selzentry)

Mechanism

A

Prevent viral cell entry

55
Q

Enfuvitide (Fuzeon); Maraviroc (Selzentry)

Uses

A

HIV

56
Q

Enfuvitide (Fuzeon); Maraviroc (Selzentry)

Side effects

A

Enfuvirtide: injection site reactions

57
Q

Raltegravir; Elvitegravir; Dolutegravir

Drug class

A

HIV integrase inhibitor

58
Q

Raltegravir; Elvitegravir; Dolutegravir

Mechanism

A

Binds to HIV integrase to prevent viral DNA strand transfer

59
Q

Raltegravir; Elvitegravir; Dolutegravir

Uses

A

HIV

60
Q

Raltegravir; Elvitegravir; Dolutegravir

Side effects

A

Low side effect profile; headache

61
Q

Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi); Paritaprevir

Drug class

A

NS5B Polymerase Inhibitor

62
Q

Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi); Paritaprevir

Mechanism

A

Compete with viral nucleotide to cause viral chain termination of HCV RNA

63
Q

Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi); Paritaprevir

Uses

A

HCV

64
Q

Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi); Paritaprevir

Side effects

A

Few side effects; fatigue, headache, anemia possible

65
Q

Ribavirin

Drug class

A

Nucleoside analog

66
Q

Ribavirin

Mechanism

A

Thought to compete with viral nucleotides and cause chain termination

67
Q

Ribavirin

Uses

A

HCV

68
Q

Ribavirin

Side effects

A

Hemolytic anemia, teratogenic,

69
Q

Interferon

Mechanism

A

Induce interferon-stimulating genes to establish antiviral state within cells

70
Q

Interferon

Uses

A

HCV; multiple other indications

71
Q

Interferon

Side effects

A

Flu-like symptoms, cytopenias, depression, fatigue

Pharmacology (26 decks)

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