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Pharmacology > Unit 4-Antiarrhythmics > Flashcards

Unit 4-Antiarrhythmics Flashcards

1
Q

Quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide

Drug class

A

Class IA anti-arrhythmics

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2
Q

Quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide

Mechanism

A

Block inward potassium rectifying channel (slow rate) at normal concentrations; blocks sodium channels (fast rate) at high concentrations

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3
Q

Quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide

Uses

A

Atrial fibrillation/flutter, paroxsymal supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia

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4
Q

Quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide

Side effects

A

QT prolongation; TdP arrhythmias; heart block; hypotension; lupus-like syndrome

GI symptoms; cinchonism, hepatitis, & thrombocytopenia w/ quinidine; anticholinergic effects w/ disopyramide

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5
Q

Lidocaine, mexiletine

Drug class

A

Class IB anti-arrhythmics

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6
Q

Lidocaine, mexiletine

Mechanism

A

Block sodium channels in inactivated state mostly; no action on atrial tissue

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7
Q

Lidocaine, mexiletine

Uses

A

Digitalis toxicity

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8
Q

Lidocaine, mexiletine

Side effects

A

Tremor; nausea; seizures; local anesthetic action

GI toxicity w/ mexiletine

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9
Q

Flecainide, propafenone, moricizine

Drug class

A

Class IC anti-arrhythmics

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10
Q

Flecainide, propafenone, moricizine

Mechanism

A

Sodium channel blockers (most potent in class I), acting as negative ionotrope

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11
Q

Flecainide, propafenone, moricizine

Uses

A

Atrial fibrillation/flutter, paroxsymal supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia

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12
Q

Flecainide, propafenone, moricizine

Side effects

A

Worsened heart failure, proarrhythmia in ischemic tissue, increased mortality

Blurred vision w/ flecainide; sinus bradycardia & brochospasm w/ propafenone

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13
Q

Propanolol, carvedilol.

Drug class

A

Class II anti-arrhythmics - beta blockers (non-selective)

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14
Q

Propanolol, carvedilol

Mechanism

A

Blocks beta-adrenergic receptors; decrease SA, AV node activity (phase 4 depolarization)

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15
Q

Propanolol, carvedilol.

Uses

A

Control of ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation/flutter; long-term suppression of SVTs; PVCsControl of ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation/flutter; long-term suppression of SVTs; PVCs

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16
Q

Propanolol, carvedilol.

Side effects

A

Heart block; hypotension, brochospasm; bradycardia

Contraindicated in WPW

Decreases mortality in CHF.

17
Q

Metoprolol, acebutolol, esmolol

Drug class

A

Class II anti-arrhythmics - beta blockers (selective)

18
Q

Metoprolol, acebutolol, esmolol

Mechanism

A

Blocks beta-adrenergic receptors; decrease SA, AV node activity (phase 4 depolarization)

19
Q

Metoprolol, acebutolol, esmolol

Uses

A

Control of ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation/flutter; long-term suppression of SVTs; PVCs

20
Q

Metoprolol, acebutolol, esmolol

Side effects

A

Heart block; hypotension, brochospasm; bradycardia

Contraindicated in WPW

Decreases mortality in CHF.

21
Q

Sotalol, amiodarone, dofetilide, ibutelide, dronedarone

Drug class

A

Class III anti-arrhythmics

22
Q

Sotalol, amiodarone, dofetilide, ibutelide, dronedarone

Mechanism

A

K channel blockade = prolongs refractoriness

23
Q

Sotalol, amiodarone, dofetilide, ibutelide, dronedarone

Uses

A

Atrial fibrillation/flutter, paroxsymal supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia

24
Q

Sotalol, amiodarone, dofetilide, ibutelide, dronedarone

Side effects

A

Torsades de Pointes; QT prolongation, bradycardia; pulmonary fibrosis, peripheral neuropathy, hepatic dysfunction, hypotension, brochospasm

Photosensitivity (blue-gray skin; numerous drug interactions; N & V w/ dronedarone

25
Q

Nifedipine, amlodipine, verapamil, diltiazam.

Drug class

A

Class IV anti-arrhythmics - calcium chanel blockers

26
Q

Nifedipine, amlodipine, verapamil, diltiazam.

Mechanism

A

Blockade of L-type calcium channels: slow SA & AV node activity; prolong AV refractoriness

27
Q

Nifedipine, amlodipine, verapamil, diltiazam.

Uses

A

Prevent or terminate reentrant SVTs

28
Q

Nifedipine, amlodipine, verapamil, diltiazam.

Side effects

A

Hypotension, bradycardia, constipation, dizziness

Increased serum digoxin levels

Contraindicated in WPW

29
Q

Adenosine

Drug class

A

Anti-arrhythmic

30
Q

Adenosine

Mechanism

A

Adenosine receptors in atrium, sinus node, AV node; activates K current, shortening AP, hyperpolarizing tissue, and slowing down automaticity and AV conduction

31
Q

Adenosine

Uses

A

AF, paroxsymal supraventricular tachycardia

32
Q

Adenosine

Side effects

A

Sedation, dyspnea, hypotension

33
Q

Digoxin

Drug class

A

Anti-arrhythmic

34
Q

Digoxin

Mechanism

A

Na/K pump inhibitor; slows AVN activity and conduction

35
Q

Digoxin

Uses

A

Atrial fibrillation/flutter; chronic SVT; HF

36
Q

Digoxin

Side effects

A

Nausea, cognitive dysfunction, blurred or yellow vision

May cause DAD arrhythmias

Low therapeutic index!

37
Q

Magnesium sulfate

Drug class

A

Anti-arrhythmic

38
Q

Magnesium sulfate

Uses

A

Prevents recurrent TdP and some digitalis-induced arrhythmias

Alternative to amiodarone for shock-refractory cardiac arrest.

Pharmacology (26 decks)

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