Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Unit 3-CNS 1 and II > Flashcards

Unit 3-CNS 1 and II Flashcards

1
Q

Levodopa

Drug Class

A

Dopamine precursor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Levodopa

Mechanism

A

Crosses BBB and is converted to dopamine->improves nigrostriatal functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Levodopa

Uses

A

Given with carbidopa (as Sinemet); first-line treatment for Parkinson’s unless patient is young (want to delay as long as possible)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Levodopa

Side Effects

A
  • Dyskinesias; hypotension, nausea, anxiety, fatigue
  • Psychoses if dosed too high
  • MAO-A inhibitors are contraindicated (except MAO-B, which only hits DA)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Carbidopa

Drug class

A

Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Carbidopa

Mechanism

A

Inhibits peripheral conversion of L-DOPA to dopamine; does not cross BBB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Carbidopa

Uses

A

Parkinson’s (given with Levadopa to lower side effects)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Carbidopa

Side effects

A

Dyskinesias, on-off phenomenon,

MAO-A inhibitors are contraindicated (except MAO-B, which only hits DA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bupropion

Drug class

A

Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bupropion

Mechanism

A

Blocks dopamine transporter (DAT) -> increased dopamine in synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bupropion

Uses

A

Parkinson’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bupropion

Side effects

A

Insomnia, anxiety, agitation, nausea, dry mouth, sweating, palpitations

Mild increase in BP

Side effects due to increase in NE (drug acts to block reuptake of both NE and DA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

dextroamphetamine; lisdexamfetamine

Drug class

A

Stimulants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

dextroamphetamine; lisdexamfetamine

Mechanism

A
  • Blocks dopamine transporter (DAT) to block reuptake
  • also increases VMAT2 to cause more DA to be ejected from nerve terminal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

dextroamphetamine; lisdexamfetamine

Uses

A

ADHD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

dextroamphetamine; lisdexamfetamine

Side effects

A

Norepi (sympathetic) and dopamine side effects; weight loss; addictive

Psychosis at high doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Modafinil; Armodafinil

Drug Class

A

Stimulant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Modafinil; Armodafinil

Mechanism

A
  • Increases histamine activity in the tuberomammilary nucleus–> activates alertness in frontal cortex
  • may increase orexin activity
  • may block DAT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Modafinil; Armodafinil

Uses

A

Fatigue due to narcolepsy, apnea, shiftwork (but not ADHD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Modafinil; Armodafinil

Side effects

A
  • Similar to, but less severe, than amphetamines (ie NE and DA effects)
  • Addiction (b/c inncreases DA in mesolimbic pathway ie reward center)
  • appetite and weight loss
  • psychosis at very high doses
  • Can lower birth control effectiveness (use same P450-3A4 enzymes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Selegiline

Drug class

A

MAO-B inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Selegiline

Mechanism

A

Prevents breakdown of DA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Selegiline

Uses

A
  • Early Parkinson’s (low dose: inhibits MAO-B
  • depression (high dose: inhibits MAO-A and B)
  • For depression it comes in a patch called EMSAM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Selegiline

Side effects

A

Hypotension, dizziness, insomnia, weight gain

Nausea, vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Rasagiline

Drug Class

A

MAO-B inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Rasagiline

Mechanism

A

Prevents breakdown of DA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Rasagiline

Uses

A

Early Parkinson’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Rasagiline

Side effects

A

Hypotension, dizziness, insomnia, weight gain

Nausea, vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Tranylcypromine (Parnate); Isocarboxazid (Marplan); Phenelzine (Nardil)

Drug class

A

MAOI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Tranylcypromine (Parnate); Isocarboxazid (Marplan); Phenelzine (Nardil)

Mechanism

A

Irreversibly inhibit both MAO-A and MAO-B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Tranylcypromine (Parnate); Isocarboxazid (Marplan); Phenelzine (Nardil)

Uses

A

Depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Tranylcypromine (Parnate); Isocarboxazid (Marplan); Phenelzine (Nardil)

Side effects

A

Hypotension, dizziness, insomnia, weight gain

Hypertensive crisis (with tyramine-rich foods–> increased NE);

serotonin syndrome (MAOI + SSRI)

Interactions with drugs that increase NE and serotonin b/c of its action on MAO-A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Entacapone

Drug class

A

COMT inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Entacapone

Mechanism

A

Prevents breakdown of DA

Short-acting (2 hours)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Entacapone

Uses

A

Parkinson’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Entacapone

Side effects

A

Nausea, fatigue

DA side effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Tolcapone

Drug class

A

COMT inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Tolcapone

Mechanism

A

Prevents breakdown of DA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Tolcapone

Uses

A

Parkinson’s

Use only if Entacapone fails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Tolcapone

Side effects

A

Nausea, fatigue; liver failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Bromocriptine

Drug class

A

Ergot D2 receptor agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Bromocriptine

Mechanism

A

Increases DA activity via D2 receptor agonism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Bromocriptine

Uses

A

Mild Parkinson’s; Restless Legs Syndrome; hyperprolactinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Bromocriptine

Side effects

A

Mania, nausea, dizziness, fatigue

Peripheral DA-like effects

Must be titrated slowly due to hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Pramipexole

Drug class

A

Selective D2 receptor agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Pramipexole

Mechanism

A

Increases DA activity via D2 receptor agonism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Pramipexole

Uses

A

Mild Parkinson’s; Restless Legs Syndrome

Less effective with motor symptoms of PD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Pramipexole

Side effects

A

Mania, nausea, dizziness, fatigue

Peripheral DA-like effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Ropinerole

Drug class

A

Selective D2 agonist

50
Q

Ropinerole

Mechanism

A

Increases DA activity via D2 receptor agonism

51
Q

Ropinerole

Uses

A

Mild Parkinson’s; Restless Legs Syndrome

Less effective with motor symptoms of PD

52
Q

Ropinerole

Side effects

A

Mania, nausea, dizziness, fatigue

Peripheral DA-like effects

53
Q

Apomorphine

Drug class

A

D2 receptor agonist

54
Q

Apomorphine

Mechanism

A

Increases DA activity via D2 receptor agonism

55
Q

Apomorphine

Uses

A

Mild Parkinson’s; Restless Legs Syndrome

Injectable only

56
Q

Apomorphine

Side effects

A

Mania, nausea, dizziness, fatigue

Peripheral DA effects

Serotonin receptor antagonists are contraindicated (eg ondansetron)

57
Q

Aripiprazole

Drug class

A

D2 & D3 receptor (partial) agonist

58
Q

Aripiprazole

Mechanism

A

Increases DA activity

59
Q

Aripiprazole

Uses

A

Schizophrenia; depression

60
Q

Aripiprazole

Side effects

A
  • Less side effects than other DA agonists
  • akathisia (restlessness)
61
Q

Amantadine

Drug class

A

anti-viral

62
Q

Amantadine

Mechanism

A

(?) Stimulates D2 receptors, blocks DAT (?)

63
Q

Amantadine

Uses

A

Mild Parkinson’s (2nd-line); influenza

64
Q

Amantadine

Side effects

A

Nausea, dizziness, psychosis, insomnia, seizures

Contraindicated in elderly with dementia (anticholinergic effects)

65
Q

Reserpine

Drug class

A

Synapse depleter

66
Q

Reserpine

Mechanism

A

Blocks VMAT (no release of monoamines into synapses)

67
Q

Reserpine

Uses

A

Hypertension

68
Q

Resperine

Side effects

A

Depression (due to less NE and DA)

69
Q

Tetrabenazine

Drug class

A

Synapse depleter

70
Q

Tetrabenazine

Mechanism

A

Blocks VMAT (no release of monoamines into synapses)

71
Q

Tetrabenazine

Uses

A

Huntington’s Chorea

(less DA–> less choreic movements)

72
Q

Tetrabenazine

Side effects

A

Depression

73
Q

Benztropine

Drug class

A

Anticholinergic

74
Q

Benztropine

Mechanism

A

Antagonize the ACh muscarinic receptor

75
Q

Benztropine

Uses

A

Early Parkinson’s; reduce EPS parkinsonian side effects of FGA/SGA

76
Q

Benztropine

Side effects

A
  • Typical anticholinergic (dry mouth, blurred vision, racing heart, constipation, confusion, delirium, hallucinations)
  • Contraindicated in demented Parkinson’s; abrupt discontinuation exacerbates symptoms
77
Q

Trihexyphenidyl

Drug class

A

Anticholinergic

78
Q

Trihexyphenidyl

Mechanism

A

Antagonize the ACh muscarinic receptor

79
Q

Trihexyphenidyl

Uses

A

Early Parkinson’s; reduce EPS parkinsonian side effects of FGA/SGA

80
Q

Trihexyphenidyl

Side effects

A
  • Typical anticholinergic (dry mouth, blurred vision, racing heart, constipation, confusion, delirium, hallucinations)
  • Contraindicated in demented Parkinson’s; abrupt discontinuation exacerbates symptoms
81
Q

Diphenhydramine

Drug class

A

Antihistamine

82
Q

Diphenhydramine

Mechanism

A

Anticholinergic properties

83
Q

Diphenhydramine

Uses

A

Reduce EPS Parkinsonian side effects of FGA/SGA

84
Q

Diphenhydramine

Side effects

A

Typical anticholinergic (dry mouth, blurred vision, racing heart, constipation, confusion, delirium, hallucinations)

85
Q

First-generation antipsychotics (Low Potency)

A

Chlorpromazine

Thioridazine

86
Q

Mechanism of action and side effects of First Generation Antipsychotics

A
  • D2 receptor antagonist

non-selective

occurs in all DA pathways

  • extrapyramidal side effects due to blocking of D2 in nigrostriatal pathway (resembles parkinsonism)
87
Q

Chlorpromazine

Drug class

A

First-generation antipsychotics (Low Potency)

88
Q

Chlorpromazine

Mechanism

A

Non-selective D2 receptor antagonism

89
Q

Chlorpromazine

Uses

A

Psychosis (schizophrenia)

90
Q

Chlorpromazine

Side effects

A
  • EPS; fatigue and weight gain (H1 antagonism); anticholinergic effects; orthostasis (alpha1 antagonism)
  • Tardive dyskinesia with chronic use
  • Little effect on negative symptoms
91
Q

Thioridazine

Drug class

A

First-generation antipsychotics (Low Potency)

92
Q

Thioridazine

Mechanism

A

Non-selective D2 receptor antagonism

93
Q

Thioridazine

Uses

A

Psychosis (schizophrenia)

94
Q

Thioridazine

Side effects

A
  • EPS; fatigue and weight gain (H1 antagonism); anticholinergic effects; orthostasis (alpha1 antagonism)
  • Tardive dyskinesia with chronic use
  • Little effect on negative symptoms
95
Q

First-generation antipsychotics (High Potency)

A

Fluphenazine

Thiothixine

Haloperidol

96
Q

Fluphenazine

Drug class

A

First-generation antipsychotics (High Potency)

97
Q

Fluphenazine

Mechanism of action

A

Non-selective D2 receptor antagonism

98
Q

Fluphenazine

Uses

A

Psychosis (schizophrenia);

movement disorder in Huntingtons

99
Q

Fluphenazine

Side effects

A

EPS;

NMS

Tardive dyskineasia with chronic use

Little effect on negative symptoms

100
Q

Thiothixine

Drug class

A

First-generation antipsychotics (High Potency)

101
Q

Thiothixine

Mechanism

A

Non-selective D2 receptor antagonism

102
Q

Thiothixine

Uses

A

Psychosis (schizophrenia);

movement disorder in Huntingtons

103
Q

Thiothixine

Side effects

A

EPS;

NMS

Tardive dyskineasia with chronic use

Little effect on negative symptoms

104
Q

Haloperidol

Drug class

A

First-generation antipsychotics (High Potency)

105
Q

Haloperidol

Mechanism

A

Non-selective D2 receptor antagonism

106
Q

Haloperidol

Uses

A

Psychosis (schizophrenia); movement disorder in Huntingtons

107
Q

Haloperidol

Side effects

A

EPS; NMS

Tardive dyskineasia with chronic use

Little effect on negative symptoms

108
Q

Clozapine

Drug class

A

Second-Generation Antipsychotic

109
Q

Clozapine

Mechanism

A

D2 (& D1, D4) receptor antagonist;

5HT2a receptor antagonist

110
Q

Clozapine

Uses

A

Refractory shizophrenia

111
Q

Clozapine

Side effects

A

Side effects similar to other “pines”, but also agranulocytosis (NMDA receptor antagonism?)

Most metabolic risk of all antipsychotics, but little EPS/TD; must monitor WBC

112
Q

Olanzapine (Zyprexa); Quetiapine (Seroquel); Asenapine (Saphris)

Drug class

A

Second-Generation Antipsychotics

113
Q

Olanzapine (Zyprexa); Quetiapine (Seroquel); Asenapine (Saphris)

Mechanism

A

D2 receptor antagonist, 5HT2a receptor antagonist

114
Q

Olanzapine (Zyprexa); Quetiapine (Seroquel); Asenapine (Saphris)

Uses

A

Psychosis, mania, agression

115
Q

Olanzapine (Zyprexa); Quetiapine (Seroquel); Asenapine (Saphris)

Side effects

A

Suicide risk in ages <25; Metabolic Syndrome; TD/EPS; stroke in dementia patients

Sedation (H1 antagonism)

116
Q

Risperidone (Risperdal); Ziprazidone (Geodon); Paliperidone (Invega); Iloperidone (Eanapt); Lurasidone (Latuda)

Drug class

A

Second-Generation Antipsychotics

117
Q

Risperidone (Risperdal); Ziprazidone (Geodon); Paliperidone (Invega); Iloperidone (Eanapt); Lurasidone (Latuda)

Mechanism

A

D2 receptor antagonist; but various other receptor agonism/antagonism

118
Q

Risperidone (Risperdal); Ziprazidone (Geodon); Paliperidone (Invega); Iloperidone (Eanapt); Lurasidone (Latuda)

Uses

A

Psychosis, mania, agression

119
Q

Risperidone (Risperdal); Ziprazidone (Geodon); Paliperidone (Invega); Iloperidone (Eanapt); Lurasidone (Latuda)

Side effects

A

Suicide risk in ages <25; Metabolic Syndrome; TD/EPS; stroke in dementia patients

Fewer metabolic complications than “pines”, but more EPS

120
Q

Extrapyramidal Syndromes

(EPS)

A
  • When dopamine is too low
  • akathisia=restlessness
  • dystonia=muscle spasm
  • parkinsonism=like parkinson disease but reversible
  • neuroleptic malignant syndrome
    • hyperthermia
    • muscle rigidity
    • vital sign instability
    • rhabdomyolysis

Pharmacology (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions