Unit 6

Question 1

Relatively permanent change in an organisms behavior due to experience

Answer 1

Learning

Question 2

In organisms decrease in response to a stimulus with repeated exposure to it

Answer 2

Habituation

Question 3

Learning that certain events occur together. The events maybe two stimuli or response and his consequences

Answer 3

Associative learning

Question 4

A type of learning in which one learns to link to or more stimuli and anticipate events

Answer 4

Classical conditioning

Question 5

The view that psychology should 1)be an objective science that 2)studies the behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologist today agree with one but not two

Answer 5

Behaviorism

Question 6

In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus, such as salivation food is in the mouth

Answer 6

Unconditioned response

Question 7

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally – naturally and automatically – triggers a response

Answer 7

Unconditioned stimulus

Question 8

Classical conditioning, the learned response to previous neutral stimulus

Answer 8

Conditioned response

Question 9

In classical conditioning, and originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response

Answer 9

Conditioned stimulus

Question 10

In classical conditioning, the initial stage, when one links in neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response

Answer 10

Acquisition

Question 11

Procedure in which the condition stimulus is one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus. Creating a second condition stimulus. For example an animal that has learned that a tone predicts food might then learn that a light predicts the tone

Answer 11

higher order conditioning

Question 12

The diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus an iPhone person operant conditioning on a response is no longer reinforced

Answer 12

Extinction

Question 13

The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response

Answer 13

Spontaneous recovery

Question 14

Tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses

Answer 14

Generalization

Question 15

In classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus

Answer 15

Discrimination

Question 16

The hopelessness and passive resignation in animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated adverse events

Answer 16

Learned helplessness

Question 17

Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus

Answer 17

Respondent behavior

Question 18

A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher

Answer 18

Operant conditioning

Question 19

Behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences

Answer 19

Operant behavior

Question 20

Thorndike’s principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less like

Answer 20

Law of effect

Question 21

In operant conditioning research, chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a water or food reinforcer; attached devices record the animals rate of bar pressing or key pecking

Answer 21

Operant chamber

Question 22

In operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior

Answer 22

Shaping

Question 23

In operant conditioning, a stimulus that elicts a response after association with reinforcement

Answer 23

Discriminative stimulus

Question 24

In operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows

Answer 24

Reinforcer

Question 25

Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli such as food

Answer 25

Positive reinforcement

Question 26

Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing a negative stimuli such as a shock

Answer 26

Negative reinforcement

Question 27

And initially reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need

Answer 27

Primary reinforcer

Question 28

Stimulus that games it’s reinforcing power through his association with a primary reinforcer; also known as a secondary reinforcer

Answer 28

Conditioned reinforcer

Question 29

Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs

Answer 29

Continuous reinforcement

Question 30

Enforcing a response only part of the time; results and slower accusation of response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement

Answer 30

Partial reinforcement

Question 31

In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses

Answer 31

Fixed ratio schedule

Question 32

In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses

Answer 32

Variable ratio schedule

Question 33

In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed

Answer 33

Fixed interval schedule

Question 34

In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals

Answer 34

Variable interval schedule

Question 35

And event that decreases the behavior that it follows

Answer 35

Punishment

Question 36

A mental representation of the layout of one’s environment. For example after exploring a maze, right active and say have learned to cognitive map of it

Answer 36

Cognitive map

Question 37

Learning that occurs but is not apparent until his there is an incentive to demonstrate it

Answer 37

Latent learning

Question 38

A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem

Answer 38

Insight

Question 39

I desired to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake

Answer 39

Intrinsic motivation

Question 40

Desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards are avoid threaten punishment

Answer 40

Extrinsic motivation

Question 41

Learning by observing others. Also called social learning

Answer 41

Observational learning

Question 42

Process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

Answer 42

Modeling

Question 43

Frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing others do so

Answer 43

Mirror neurons

Question 44

I system for electronically recording, end of line, and feeding back information regarding a subtle physiological state

Answer 44

Biofeedback

Question 45

Positive, constructive, helpful behavior The opposite of antisocial behavior

Answer 45

Prosocial behavior