Unit 2

Question 1

The tendency to believe after learning an outcome that one would have foreseen it known as that I knew it all along phenomenon

Answer 1

Hindsight bias

Question 2

An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events

Answer 2

Theory

Question 3

A testable prediction often implied by theory

Answer 3

Hypothesis

Question 4

A statement of the procedures used to define research variables. for example human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures

Answer 4

Operational definition

Question 5

Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances

Answer 5

Replication

Question 6

An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

Answer 6

Case study

Question 7

A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group usually by questioning a representative, a random sample of the group

Answer 7

Survey

Question 8

All the cases in a group being studied from which the samples may be drawn

Answer 8

Population

Question 9

A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of Inclusion

Answer 9

Random sample

Question 10

Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without thing to manipulate and control the situation

Answer 10

Naturalistic observation

Question 11

A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together and thus of how well either facto predicts the other

Answer 11

Correlation

Question 12

A statistical index of the relationship between two things

Answer 12

Correlation coefficient

Question 13

A graphed cluster of dots each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between two variables. The about of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation. (Little scatter indicated high correlation

Answer 13

Scatter plot

Question 14

The perception of a relationship where none exists

Answer 14

Illusory correlation

Question 15

A research method which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect of some behavior or mental process a random assignment per dispenser experimenter aims to control other relevant factors

Answer 15

Experiment

Question 16

Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance that’s minimizing pre-existing differences between those assigned to the different groups

Answer 16

Random assignment

Question 17

An experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or placebo commonly used in drug valuation to Terry’s

Answer 17

Double-blind procedure

Question 18

Experimental results caused by expectations alone can you affect on behavior caused by the administration of an Innard substance or condition which the recipient assumed as an active agent

Answer 18

Placebo

Question 19

In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the treatment. Contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of treatment

Answer 19

Control group

Question 20

The experimental factor that is manipulated. The variable whose effect is being studied

Answer 20

Independent variable

Question 21

A factor other than the independent veritable that might produce an effect in an experiment

Answer 21

Confounding variable

Question 22

The outcome factor. The variable that may change in response to manipulations of the Independent veritable

Answer 22

Dependent variable

Question 23

The most frequent occurring scores in a distribution

Answer 23

Mode

Question 24

The arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then diving by the number of scores

Answer 24

Mean

Question 25

The middle score in a distribution, half the scores are above it and half are below it

Answer 25

Median

Question 26

The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution

Answer 26

Range

Question 27

A computer measure of how much scores vary around the mean score

Answer 27

Standard deviation

Question 28

A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chancd

Answer 28

Statistical significance

Question 29

That’s ethical principal the research researchers be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to purchase.

Answer 29

Informed consent

Question 30

The postexperimental exclamation of the study including its purpose and any deceptions to its participants

Answer 30

Debriefing

Question 31

In an experiment the group that is exposed to treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable

Answer 31

Experimental group

Question 32

The symmetrical bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of any type of data; most scores fall near the mean and fewer and fewer near the extremes

Answer 32

Normal curve

Question 33

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

Answer 33

Culture

Question 34

Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather it examines assumptions just concerns and values evaluates evidence and assesses conclusions

Answer 34

Critical thinking