Unit 2 Flashcards
The tendency to believe after learning an outcome that one would have foreseen it known as that I knew it all along phenomenon
Hindsight bias
An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events
Theory
A testable prediction often implied by theory
Hypothesis
A statement of the procedures used to define research variables. for example human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures
Operational definition
Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances
Replication
An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
Case study
A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group usually by questioning a representative, a random sample of the group
Survey
All the cases in a group being studied from which the samples may be drawn
Population
A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of Inclusion
Random sample
Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without thing to manipulate and control the situation
Naturalistic observation
A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together and thus of how well either facto predicts the other
Correlation
A statistical index of the relationship between two things
Correlation coefficient
A graphed cluster of dots each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between two variables. The about of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation. (Little scatter indicated high correlation
Scatter plot
The perception of a relationship where none exists
Illusory correlation
A research method which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect of some behavior or mental process a random assignment per dispenser experimenter aims to control other relevant factors
Experiment
Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance that’s minimizing pre-existing differences between those assigned to the different groups
Random assignment
An experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or placebo commonly used in drug valuation to Terry’s
Double-blind procedure
Experimental results caused by expectations alone can you affect on behavior caused by the administration of an Innard substance or condition which the recipient assumed as an active agent
Placebo
In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the treatment. Contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of treatment
Control group
The experimental factor that is manipulated. The variable whose effect is being studied
Independent variable
A factor other than the independent veritable that might produce an effect in an experiment
Confounding variable
The outcome factor. The variable that may change in response to manipulations of the Independent veritable
Dependent variable
The most frequent occurring scores in a distribution
Mode
The arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then diving by the number of scores
Mean
The middle score in a distribution, half the scores are above it and half are below it
Median
The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution
Range
A computer measure of how much scores vary around the mean score
Standard deviation
A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chancd
Statistical significance
That’s ethical principal the research researchers be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to purchase.
Informed consent
The postexperimental exclamation of the study including its purpose and any deceptions to its participants
Debriefing
In an experiment the group that is exposed to treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable
Experimental group
The symmetrical bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of any type of data; most scores fall near the mean and fewer and fewer near the extremes
Normal curve
The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
Culture
Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather it examines assumptions just concerns and values evaluates evidence and assesses conclusions
Critical thinking
