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Psychology > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

The process by which are sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment

A

Sensation

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2
Q

The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events

A

Perception

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3
Q

Analysis that begins with sensory receptors and works up to the brain integration and sensory information

A

Bottom up processing

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4
Q

Information processing guided by higher level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations

A

Top down processing

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5
Q

The focusing and conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

A

Selective attention

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6
Q

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

A

Inattentional blindness

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7
Q

Failing to notice changes in the environment

A

Change in blindness

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8
Q

The theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus amid background simulation.

A

Signal detection theory

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9
Q

Below one’s absolute threshold for conscious awareness

A

Subliminal

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10
Q

Deactivation of certain associations thus predisposing one’s perception memory response

A

Priming

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11
Q

The minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time

A

Difference threshold

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12
Q

The principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant percentage

A

Weber’s law

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13
Q

Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation

A

Sensory adaptation

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14
Q

Conversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and smells in the neutral impulses are branded interpret

A

Transduction

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15
Q

The distance from the peak of one light or soundwave to the peak of the next

A

Wavelength

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16
Q

Dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light

A

Hue

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17
Q

The amount of energy in a light or soundwave which we perceive as brightness or loudness

A

Intensity

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18
Q

The adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters

A

Pupil

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19
Q

The ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the opening

A

Iris

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20
Q

The transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina

A

Lens

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21
Q

The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information

A

Retina

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22
Q

The process by which the I was lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina

A

Accommodation

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23
Q

Retinal receptors that detect black white and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don’t respond

A

Rods

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24
Q

Retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina that the function in daylight or in well lit conditions. The cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations

A

Cones

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25
Q

The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain

A

Optic nerve

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26
Q

The point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a blind spot because no receptor cells are located there

A

Blind spot

27
Q

The central focal point in the retina, around which the eyes cones cluster

A

Fovea

28
Q

Nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement

A

Feature detectors

29
Q

The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brains natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision

A

Parallel processing

30
Q

The theory that the retina contains three different color receptors. Red green and blue

A

Young- helmholtz trichromatic theory

31
Q

The theory that opposing retinal processes enable color vision.

A

Opponent process theory

32
Q

The sense or act hearing

A

Audition

33
Q

The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time

A

Frequency

34
Q

A toned experience highness or lowness; depends on frequency

A

Pitch

35
Q

The chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlear oval window

A

Middle ear

36
Q

A coiled, bony, fluid filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses

A

Cochlea

37
Q

The innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular Canals, and vestibular sacs

A

Innner ear

38
Q

In hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea membrane is stimulated

A

Place theory

39
Q

In hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, this enabling us to sense its pitch

A

Frequency theory

40
Q

Hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to cochlea

A

Conduction hearing loss

41
Q

Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea’s receptor fells or to the auditory nerves also called nerve deafness

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

42
Q

A device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into cochlea

A

Cochlear implant

43
Q

This system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

A

Kinesthesis

44
Q

The sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance

A

Vestibular sense

45
Q

Theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological gate that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass to the brain

A

Gate control theory

46
Q

The principle that one sense May influence another, as when the smell of food included is Taste

A

Sensory interaction

47
Q

And organize hole.

A

Gestalt

48
Q

The organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings

A

Figure ground

49
Q

The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups

A

Grouping

50
Q

Ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two dimensional; allows us to judge distance

A

Depth perception

51
Q

The laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

A

Visual cliff p

52
Q

Depth cues, such as retinal disparity, the depend on the use of two eyes

A

Binocular cues

53
Q

Depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either Eye alone

A

Monocular cues

54
Q

Receiving for Milyer objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object

A

Color constancy

55
Q

InVision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field

A

Perceptual adaptation

56
Q

Mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

A

Perceptual set

57
Q

The controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; includes telepathic, clairvoyance

A

Extrasensory projection

58
Q

Study of paranormal phenomena, and go to ESPN psychokinesis

A

Parapsychology

59
Q

Binocular queue for perceiving that: by comparing images from the redness and two eyes the brain computes distance

A

Retinal disparity

60
Q

And illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession

A

Phi phenomenon

61
Q

Perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change

A

Perceptual constancy

62
Q

The study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them

A

Psychophysics

63
Q

The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

A

Absolute threshold

Psychology (16 decks)

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