Unit 6 Flashcards
smooth strain = harmful
rough strain = harmless
the heated harmful = __________
heated harmful + harmful = _________
mice lived, mice died
___________ is the use of biological systems to create products.
____________ is a branch of biotech that uses specific procedures and techniques to change an organism’s DNA
biotechnology, genetic engineering
a plasmid is a ___________. recombinant dna is _____________.
small circular molecule of DNA found in bacteria, DNA that contains genes from two or more sources
a micropipette is _____________. A p20 minimum is 2 and its maximum is 20.
an instrument used to transfer small volumes of liquid
gel electrophoresis is _________________. The size of the DNA fragment can be determined by its ____________ in the agarose gel. DNA is _________ so it moves in response to a negative charge. The wells face the negative side
a process used to separate and identify a mixture of biomolecules, location, negative
a _________ is used to maintain a constant pH and help conduct an electrical current.
sb buffer
DNA can be amplified through the _____________ which is ____________
polymers chain reaction, a process where DNA is copied
how does the polymerase chain reaction work?
at one end the scientist adds a short complementary piece/primer
DNA is heated to separate the strands
then cooled to allow the primers to bind
The primers allow DNA polymerase to come and make the copies
the copies serve as templates for new strands
DNA can be cut using ____________. which cut at __________ also called _________. These make ____________.
restriction enzymes, specific base, restriction sites sequences
Restriction enzymes ALWAYS cut ____________. when asked “between” choose between the bonds. The hydrogen bonds just peel off.
covalent
Restriction enzymes create ____________ which is where the nitrogenous bases are out making it susceptible to hydrogen bonds.
sticky ends
transformation is ______________.
when a cell takes in DNA from outside the cell,
Natural barriers that must be overcome to insert a plasmid:
__________________ (_____)
________________
which repels DNA since it is ___________.
cell membrane, negative charge, cell wall, negative
________ is a sudden increase in temperature. This causes the pressure _____________ the cell to increase. This creates gaps in the cell membrane, also called ___________. The pressure makes the plasmid get pushed into the cell.
heat shock, outside, adhesion zones,
The bacteria is placed in a solution with ____________. to neutralize the negative charge.
When the cell is able to take in the plasmid it is called ______________.
positive calcium ions, competent cell
