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Bio 9 > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the main compounds that cells use to store and release energy?

A

ATP

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2
Q

___________ are the key to ATP’s ability to ________ and _______ energy.

A

phosphate, store, release

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3
Q

When a cell has energy available, it can store it in _________ by adding a ________ to _____ making it _______. The energy is released by breaking the ________ between the 2nd and 3rd phosphates.

A

small amounts, phosphate group, ADP, ATP, chemical bond

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4
Q

it is more efficient for cells to have a _______ of ATP, since it is not good at ________

A

small amount, storing large amounts of energy

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5
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

plants use the energy of sunlight to convert WATER and CARBON DIOXIDE into high energy carbohydrates and oxygen (WASTE PRODUCT).

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6
Q

In the presence of __________ plants transform ______ and _____ into ______ and release ________

A

light, Co2, H2O, carbs, oxygen

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7
Q

What is the photosynthesis and cellular respiration equation?

A

Photosynthesis - 6CO2 + 6H20 -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Cellular respiration -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O (energy)

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8
Q

chlorophyll is __________ and it contains ________ which is_________. Chlorophyll does NOT absorb light that is ________ this light is reflected by leaves.

A

pigment molecule that absorbs light for photosynthesis, pigment, light absorbing molecule, green

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9
Q

Photosynthesis happens in the ___________. Thylakoid is ____________ and stacks of thylakoids are called _______. Photosystems are _____________.

A

chloroplast, sac like photosynthetic membrane, granum, proteins in the thylakoid that collect chlorophyll and other pigments and form cluster, light collecting units of the chloroplast

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10
Q

Light dependent reaction takes place in the ____________. and the light independent reaction or the __________ takes place in the ___________

A

thylakoid membrane and lumen, Calvin cycle, stroma (region outside the thylakoid)

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11
Q

High energy electrons require ____________. These are ______________.

A

carrier, compounds that can accept a pair of electrons and transfer them along to another molecule.

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12
Q

What type of carrier molecule is used in photosynthesis and what does it carry?

A

NADP+, holds 2 high energy electrons and a hydrogen ion (H+). WHEN IT ACCEPTS THESE IT TURNS INTO NADPH

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13
Q

light dependent reaction _______________. The energy from LDR is used to power the ____________.

A

require light to produce oxygen gas and convert ADP and NADP+ into energy carriers ATP and NADPH, Calvin Cycle

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14
Q

Write out the process of LDR and check notes for answer.

A

write

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15
Q

______ and ______ from LDR are used for ________. This is used to ______________. Also known as the light independent reaction.

A

ATP, NADPH, Calvin cycle, built high energy compounds that can be stored for a long time (SUGARS)

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16
Q

Calvin cycle occurs in the ________. it makes ________ for each turn.

A

stroma, 18

17
Q

write down the process of Calvin cycle and check answer in notes.

A

write

18
Q

Cellular respiration = ________

A

process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

19
Q

What are the differences between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration?

A

aerobic - more efficient, needs oxygen, 3 step process

anaerobic - absence of oxygen -> doesn’t produce a lot of ATP, simpler and less efficient

20
Q

If cellular respiration took only one step then ___________. There are 3 main parts of CR: _________, _________, and _________.

A

all energy would be lost in light and heat, glycolysis, Krebs cycle, ETC.

21
Q

What is produced and what is the purpose of each step of cellular respiration?

A

glycolysis - process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half producing two molecules of pyruvic acid

Krebs cycle - pyruvic acid created in glycolysis is broken down into CO2 in a series of energy extracting reactions. It produces 4 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 ATP

ETC - uses the high energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP to ATP.

22
Q

Where does Cellular Respiration take place and where do its 3 steps take place?

A

mitochondria,

glycolysis - cytoplasm

krebs - mitochondria (matrix)

etc - mitochondria (membrane folds)

23
Q

What are the electron carriers used in cellular respiration?

A

NAD+ turns into NADH and FAD is turned into FADH2.

24
Q

What is a carrier molecule?

A

compound that can accept a pair of electrons and transfer them along to another molecule

25
Q

What parts of CR are anaerobic and which parts are aerobic?

A

anaerobic - glycolysis

aerobic - krebs and etc

26
Q

The ________ uses the ____________ from the Krebs cycle to convert _________ to _______.

A

ETC, high energy elections, ADP, ATP

27
Q

_______ is the final electron acceptor. It is essential for _____________________________ which are the wastes of cellular respiration.

A

oxygen, getting rid of low energy electrons and H+ ions,

28
Q

_______ go through ATP Synthesis during ETC.

A

H+ ions

29
Q

Write down the processes of

krebs
etc
glycolysis

A

write

30
Q

What are the reactants and products of

LDR

Calvin cycle

Glycolysis

Krebs

ETC

A

R= sunlight, H20, ADP, NADP+
P= NADPH, ATP, H+, O2

R= CO2, NADPH, ATP
P= 1 carbon sugar molecule, ADP, NADP+

R = 1 glucose moleucle, 2 ATP
P= ATP, NADH, pyruvate

R= Pyruvate, acetyl COa, NAD+, FAD, ADP
P= 4 NADH, FADH2, ATP, CO2

R = NADH, FADH2, ADP, O2
P = H2O, ATP

31
Q

the phospholipid bilayer has a ________ head and ______ tails. Oil/lipids does not dissolve in water because __________

A

polar, non polar, not polar

32
Q

How many ATP does Cellular Respiration make?

A

36

Bio 9 (8 decks)

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