Unit 0 and Unit 1

Question 1

Unit 0: What is the goal of science?

Answer 1

to investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions

Question 2

Unit 0: What is an observation and two types of data?

Answer 2

the process of gathering information about events or processes in a careful orderly way; Quantitive: expressed by numbers Qualitative: descriptive

Question 3

Unit 0: what is a hypothesis?

Answer 3

proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations

Question 4

Unit 0: What is a controlled experiment?

Answer 4

an experiment where only one variable is changed at a time and all other variables are controlled

Question 5

Unit 0: distinguish between the 3 variables in a scientific experiment.

Answer 5

Independent: manipulated variable; variable that is changed

Dependent: responding variable; the effect/data

Controlled: variables that don’t change

Question 6

Unit 0: What is a control group and a theory?

Answer 6

no treatment, well tested explanations that unifies a broad range of observations

Question 7

Unit 0: What are the characteristics of life?

Answer 7

made of cells
reproduce
has DNA
grow and develop
obtain and use materials and energy
respond to environment
maintain homeostasis
group changes over time

Question 8

Unit 0: Abiotic and Biotic factors?

Answer 8

biotic - living things, abiotic - non living things; AFFECTS biotic factors

Question 9

Unit 0: What are the levels of organization in living things?

Answer 9

subatomic particle
atom
molecule
cell
group of cella (organs/tissues)
organism
population (same species)
community (all living things in an ecosystem)
ecosystem
biome
biosphere

Question 10

Unit 1: What are the spheres on earth?

Answer 10

lithosphere/geosphere - solid earth

Atmosphere - all gases that surround Earth

Hydrosphere - all water found on, under, and over surface

Biosphere - all life

Question 11

Unit 1: matter is ________ and energy ______

Answer 11

recycled, flows

Question 12

Unit 1: _______ shape ecosystems

Answer 12

abiotic factors

Question 13

Unit 1: what is a niche

Answer 13

the full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way the organism uses those conditions; job description

Question 14

Unit 1: no two species can have the same ______

Answer 14

niche

Question 15

Unit 1: What is a species

Answer 15

a single type of organism that can reproduce to create fertile offspring

Question 16

Unit 1: What are some factors that affect population size?

Answer 16

birth - increase
death - decrease
emigration - decrease
immigration - increase

Question 17

Unit 1: populations grow if more individuals are ________ than ________

Answer 17

born, die

Question 18

Unit 1: If birth rate = death rate then __________ if death is > birth then ________

Answer 18

population stays the same, population shrinks

Question 19

Unit 1: What is a limiting factor?

Answer 19

factor that causes population growth to DECREASE

Question 20

Unit 1: What does density dependent mean?

Answer 20

depends on population size; does not affect small scattered populations. ex: competition

Question 21

Unit 1: What is interspecific completions and intraspecific competition

Answer 21

interspecific - different species compete; natural selection and evolution

intraspecific - same species; well adapted individuals put their genes into the gene pool

Question 22

Unit 1: What is the competitive exclusion principle?

Answer 22

two species competing for the same resources CANNOT COEXIST it will result in extinction or resource partitioning

Question 23

Unit 1: predator prey relationship = ____________ which is _____________

Answer 23

population oscillations, repeated cycles of growth and decline

Question 24

Unit 1: read notes about bunnies

Answer 24

read

Question 25

Unit 1: What are density independent factors?

Answer 25

not dependent on population. ex: human disturbances, climate extremes, drought

Question 26

Unit 1: What is the difference between exponential growth and logistic?

Answer 26

exponential - reproduce at a common rate; happens under IDEAL CONDITIONS with UNLIMITED resources -> results in J curve

Logistic - when populations’s growth slows/stops following a period of exponential growth; as resources become less available; the growth slows or stops. -> results in S curve

Question 27

Unit 1: What is carrying capacity?

Answer 27

capacity that an environment can support

Question 28

Unit 1: What are the different symbiotic relationships?

Answer 28

Ammensalism -/0
commensalism +/0
antagonism +/-
- predation
- parasitism
mutualism +/+
competition -/- OR -/+

Question 29

Unit 1: What is an autotroph and heterotroph?

Answer 29

autotroph - makes it own food; non organic

heterotrophic - consumer - rely on other organic organisms

Question 30

Unit 1: energy flows in _____ direction. Food chain is __________ and a food web is _________. Arrows show ________

Answer 30

one, series of steps showing the transfer of energy, meteors or complex interactions; links all food chains together, movements of energy

Question 31

Unit 1: trophic level = ___________. Only ____ percent is transferred to the next level cuz _______ is lost as heat.

Answer 31

each step in a food chain/web; energy level, 10, 90

Question 32

Survivorship curves - the patterns of a species as the organisms age

Type 1 - ___________
Type 2 - ______________
Type 3 - _______________

Answer 32

indicate high survival and rapid die off in old age

indicate constant decline in survivorship

exhibit rapid die off in early life followed by high survivorship

Question 33

What is the difference between r selected and K selected?

Answer 33

r - high growth rates but large death rates

K - low growth rates and maintain their population size at carrying capacity