Unit 2

Question 1

What is the atomic number and atomic mass?

Answer 1

number of protons, protons + neutrons

Question 2

What are valence electrons and what is the Octet rule?

Answer 2

outer most shell/energy level; electrons that are located on the outer most shell, atoms want to have 8 electrons in their outermost shell

Question 3

What is the difference between ionic bonds and covalent bonds?

Answer 3

ionic - electrons are transferred from metallic to non metallic; attraction between oppositely charged ions = ionic bond

covalent - sharing of electrons between non metallic atoms; straight line represents 2 electrons

Question 4

Chemical bonds _______ energy. Energy is _______ when bonds are broken.

Answer 4

store, released

Question 5

8 protons in _______ atom which makes it have a stronger attraction for electrons. 1 proton in __________. This makes water _______, meaning that —— is _______ and —— is ________

Answer 5

oxygen, hydrogen, polar, negative, positive

Question 6

Atoms are ________. A compound is _________. An element is _______. A ________ is the smallest unit of a compound and they are neutral.

Answer 6

neutral, chemical combination, pure substance made of one atom, molecule

Question 7

__________ are bonds that form between water. It is weaker than ionic and covalent.

Answer 7

hydrogen bonds; the O bonds with the H

Question 8

Due to water’s ability to create hydrogen bonds it gives it certain properties which are?

Answer 8

cohesion - attraction w molecules of the same substance, causes bubbles and surface tension

adhesion - attraction between molecules of different substances, water is sticky

capillary action - adhesion + cohesion, causes a water chain to climb up a tube

universal solvent - it has the ability to dissolve ionic compounds and other polar molecules

high heat capacity

Question 9

Water is ___________ and ________ makes it an ACID whereas _________ makes it a BASE.

Answer 9

neutral, H+ ions, OH- ions

Question 10

macromolecules are __________ and are formed by ______________. ________ join to create macromolecules. Monomer may be identical but __________.

Answer 10

giant molecules, polymerization - large compounds are built by joining small ones together, monomers, links may be different

Question 11

What are the four major macromolecules and what elements are in them?

Answer 11

carbohydrate - CHO, lipids CHO, protein - CHON, nucleic acid - CHONP

Question 11

What are the polymers, monomers, and functions of each of the macromolecules?

Answer 11

Carbon
- polysaccharide
-monosaccharide
- short term energy/store excess sugar

Lipid
- Lipid/fat
-Glycerol head, Fatty acid tail
-insulation, long term energy storage, steroid, membrane

Nucleic Acid
- DNA, RNA
- nucleotides
- store/transmit genetic info

Protein
- protein polypeptide
- amino acid
- control rxn rate, regulation, fight disease, build bones and muscle, transport

Question 12

Draw the macromolecules and look in notes for answer.

Answer 12

draw

Question 13

Denaturation is ______________ and dehydration synthesis is ____________ and _________ undoes ——- by adding water.

Answer 13

change in structure of a protein; alters its function, form of polymerization by removing water, hydrolysis

Question 14

Amino acids are held together by __________. They form via ________.

Answer 14

peptide bonds, dehydration synthesis

Question 15

A chemical reaction is _____________. Reactants are _______ and _______ are produced in a chemical reaction. The energy that is needed to start the reaction is known as ___________

Answer 15

a process that changes one set of chemicals to another; changes in chemical bonds, elements/compounds that enter a chemical reaction, products, activation energy

Question 16

energy absorbing reaction = ________ energy releasing = ___________

Answer 16

endothermic, exothermic

Question 17

What is a catalyst and enzyme?

Answer 17

catalyst - substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

enzyme - proteins that are biological catalysts ENZYMES DO NOT SUPPLY ENERGY.

Question 18

draw an enemy substrate complex and label everything then check notes to see if its correct.

Answer 18

draw

Question 19

What is part of the amino group in a protein? What is part of the carboxyl group in a protein? What does the R stand for

Answer 19

N H H, C O OH, distinguishes the amino acid