Unit 6 Flashcards
Biosphere
Earth and atmosphere where living organisms exist
Ecosystems
all living and nonliving things in an environment
Community
all the living things in the SAME environment
Population
members of the same species in the SAME environment
Species
organisms that are able to mate and have fertile offspring
Ecology
relationships of organisms to one another and to their environment
Pioneer species
first producer (plant) that grows in a new habitat
Primary succession
occurs in a lifeless area where there was NO SOIL, soil created from rock
Secondary succession
happens after disaster or human disruption, SOIL ALREADY THERE
Invasive Species
Invasive species disrupt the flow of succession.
Symbiosis
relationship between 2 different species of organisms
Parasitism
one organism benefits while another suffers
one benefiting = parasite
one suffering = host
Commensalism
one organism benefits while the other isn’t harmed and doesn’t benefit
Mutualism
both organisms benefit from the interaction
Predation
a predator eats its prey
Predator
organism hunting
Prey
organism killed
Limiting Factors
anything that prevents an organism’s population from growing larger
Carrying Capacity
number of organisms an area can support (or “carry”) without damage to the habitat/organisms
Trophic Level
position in the food chain (starts with sun, ends with decomposer)
Food Chain
shows a simple straight flow of energy in a community
Food Web
shows what ALL organisms get their energy from in an ecosystem
Pyramid of Biomass
shows the amount of space an organism takes up in the environment
Pyramid of Numbers
shows how many organisms are present in the environment
Pyramid of Energy
shows where the energy is in an ecosystem
Greatest energy is found in plants
Least energy is found in top consumers
Rule of 10%
only about 10% of the total energy each trophic level has is passed on to the next
Urey-Miller Experiment
simulated early Earth, created amino acids that were building blocks for life
Fossils
remains of organism preserved in petrified form
Archaeopteryx
had scales and feathers, possible link between birds and dinosaurs
Vestigial structure
structures in an organism that no longer have purpose, no longer need it
Embryology
animal embryos share traits, suggests a common ancestor
Genetics
ALL living things have DNA, amino acids, cells, etc
Homologous structures
body parts/bones are similar because they have a common ancestor
Analogous structures
body parts that look/work similar because of a similar environment
Divergent evolution
species are similar because they come from a common ancestor
have homologous structures
Convergent evolution
live in a similar habitat so they evolve similarly, but are not related
have analogous structures
Cladogram
branching diagram showing the relationship between species
Evolution
change in inherited traits over time
Charles Darwin
Father of Evolution, all species descended over time from a common ancestor
Natural Selection
only the BEST organisms survive to have babies + pass on their traits
Adaptation
changes that makes an organism better able to live in its environment
Artificial Selection
humans breed animals & plants that have the best traits
Thumb
Natural Selection
Natural Selection
Survival of the fittest
Middle FInger
Mutation
Mutation
the only way new alleles can appear in a species
Pinky Finger
Genetic Drift
Genetic Drift
A chance occurrence that changes allele frequency
Pointer Finger
Gene Flow
Gene Flow
Emigration and Immigration
Only Two ways to reintroduce genetic diversity
Ring Finger
Sexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
The traits that get you mates
