Unit 6

Question 1

Biosphere

Answer 1

Earth and atmosphere where living organisms exist

Question 2

Ecosystems

Answer 2

all living and nonliving things in an environment

Question 3

Community

Answer 3

all the living things in the SAME environment

Question 4

Population

Answer 4

members of the same species in the SAME environment

Question 5

Species

Answer 5

organisms that are able to mate and have fertile offspring

Question 6

Ecology

Answer 6

relationships of organisms to one another and to their environment

Question 7

Pioneer species

Answer 7

first producer (plant) that grows in a new habitat

Question 8

Primary succession

Answer 8

occurs in a lifeless area where there was NO SOIL, soil created from rock

Question 9

Secondary succession

Answer 9

happens after disaster or human disruption, SOIL ALREADY THERE

Question 10

Invasive Species

Answer 10

Invasive species disrupt the flow of succession.

Question 11

Symbiosis

Answer 11

relationship between 2 different species of organisms

Question 12

Parasitism

Answer 12

one organism benefits while another suffers

one benefiting = parasite
one suffering = host

Question 13

Commensalism

Answer 13

one organism benefits while the other isn’t harmed and doesn’t benefit

Question 14

Mutualism

Answer 14

both organisms benefit from the interaction

Question 15

Predation

Answer 15

a predator eats its prey

Question 16

Predator

Answer 16

organism hunting

Question 17

Prey

Answer 17

organism killed

Question 18

Limiting Factors

Answer 18

anything that prevents an organism’s population from growing larger

Question 19

Carrying Capacity

Answer 19

number of organisms an area can support (or “carry”) without damage to the habitat/organisms

Question 20

Trophic Level

Answer 20

position in the food chain (starts with sun, ends with decomposer)

Question 21

Food Chain

Answer 21

shows a simple straight flow of energy in a community

Question 22

Food Web

Answer 22

shows what ALL organisms get their energy from in an ecosystem

Question 23

Pyramid of Biomass

Answer 23

shows the amount of space an organism takes up in the environment

Question 24

Pyramid of Numbers

Answer 24

shows how many organisms are present in the environment

Question 25

Pyramid of Energy

Answer 25

shows where the energy is in an ecosystem Greatest energy is found in plants Least energy is found in top consumers

Question 26

Rule of 10%

Answer 26

only about 10% of the total energy each trophic level has is passed on to the next

Question 27

Urey-Miller Experiment

Answer 27

simulated early Earth, created amino acids that were building blocks for life

Question 28

Fossils

Answer 28

remains of organism preserved in petrified form

Question 29

Archaeopteryx

Answer 29

had scales and feathers, possible link between birds and dinosaurs

Question 30

Vestigial structure

Answer 30

structures in an organism that no longer have purpose, no longer need it

Question 31

Embryology

Answer 31

animal embryos share traits, suggests a common ancestor

Question 32

Genetics

Answer 32

ALL living things have DNA, amino acids, cells, etc

Question 33

Homologous structures

Answer 33

body parts/bones are similar because they have a common ancestor

Question 34

Analogous structures

Answer 34

body parts that look/work similar because of a similar environment

Question 35

Divergent evolution

Answer 35

species are similar because they come from a common ancestor have homologous structures

Question 36

Convergent evolution

Answer 36

live in a similar habitat so they evolve similarly, but are not related have analogous structures

Question 37

Cladogram

Answer 37

branching diagram showing the relationship between species

Question 38

Evolution

Answer 38

change in inherited traits over time

Question 39

Charles Darwin

Answer 39

Father of Evolution, all species descended over time from a common ancestor

Question 40

Natural Selection

Answer 40

only the BEST organisms survive to have babies + pass on their traits

Question 41

Adaptation

Answer 41

changes that makes an organism better able to live in its environment

Question 42

Artificial Selection

Answer 42

humans breed animals & plants that have the best traits

Question 43

Thumb

Answer 43

Natural Selection

Question 44

Natural Selection

Answer 44

Survival of the fittest

Question 45

Middle FInger

Answer 45

Mutation

Question 46

Mutation

Answer 46

the only way new alleles can appear in a species

Question 47

Pinky Finger

Answer 47

Genetic Drift

Question 48

Genetic Drift

Answer 48

A chance occurrence that changes allele frequency

Question 49

Pointer Finger

Answer 49

Gene Flow

Question 50

Gene Flow

Answer 50

Emigration and Immigration Only Two ways to reintroduce genetic diversity

Question 51

Ring Finger

Answer 51

Sexual Reproduction

Question 52

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 52

The traits that get you mates