Unit 5

Question 1

Gametes

Answer 1

male/female sex cells

Question 2

Fertilization

Answer 2

male gamete unites with female gamete

Question 3

Zygote

Answer 3

the resulting cell from fertilization

Question 4

Dominant

Answer 4

trait that shows

Question 5

Recessive

Answer 5

can’t be seen if there is a dominant

Question 6

Carrier

Answer 6

has dominant and recessive, doesn’t show recessive, but can pass it on

Question 7

Homozygous

Answer 7

the 2 letters are the SAME size (TT or tt)

Question 8

Heterozygous

Answer 8

the 2 letters are DIFFERENT sized (Tt)

Question 9

Phenotype

Answer 9

way an organism looks/behaves

Question 10

Genotype

Answer 10

what the letters actually are (can’t always be seen)

Question 11

Genetics

Answer 11

study of heredity, the passing of characteristics from parents to children

Question 12

Gene

Answer 12

the part of the DNA that codes for a trait

Question 13

Alleles

Answer 13

variations of the same gene (ex: brown, blue, green eyes)

Question 14

Gregor Mendel

Answer 14

the father of Genetics

Question 15

Mendels 3 Laws:

Answer 15

1. Law of Segregation
2. Law of Independent Assortment
3. Law of Dominance

Question 16

Law of Segregation

Answer 16

A parent who has 2 alleles can only pass on one

Question 17

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 17

Traits are inherited separately

Question 18

Law of Dominance

Answer 18

Dominant alleles will always cover up recessive alleles

Question 19

Non-Mendelian Genetics:

Answer 19

1. Sex Linked
2. Codominant
3. Incomplete dominance

Question 20

Sex Linked

Answer 20

a gene carried on the sex chromosome

Question 21

Codominant

Answer 21

instead of a trait being dominant both traits appear (blood type, speckled flowers)

Question 22

Incomplete dominance

Answer 22

both traits are expressed at the same time or blended

Question 23

Blood typing

Answer 23

displays codominance

Question 24

Color blindness

Answer 24

recessive x-linked trait, only one recessive allele is required to show color blindness in males

Question 25

Dihybrid cross

Answer 25

punnett square that crosses 2 traits

Question 26

Meiosis

Answer 26

sexual reproduction, makes children DIFFERENT from parents and siblings

Question 27

Crossing Over

Answer 27

exchange of genetic material between chromosomes in Prophase I

Question 28

PMAT

Answer 28

Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Question 29

Nondisjunction

Answer 29

failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis resulting in missing or extra chromosomes

Question 30

Characteristics of Meiosis

Answer 30

Cells divide twice End with 4 daughter cells Produce gametic (sex) cells

Question 31

Characteristics of Meiosis

Answer 31

Gametic cells are ALL different Have HALF the chromosomes Somatic (diploid)=46 Gametic (haploid)=23