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Biology > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Gametes

A

male/female sex cells

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2
Q

Fertilization

A

male gamete unites with female gamete

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3
Q

Zygote

A

the resulting cell from fertilization

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4
Q

Dominant

A

trait that shows

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5
Q

Recessive

A

can’t be seen if there is a dominant

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6
Q

Carrier

A

has dominant and recessive, doesn’t show recessive, but can pass it on

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7
Q

Homozygous

A

the 2 letters are the SAME size (TT or tt)

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8
Q

Heterozygous

A

the 2 letters are DIFFERENT sized (Tt)

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9
Q

Phenotype

A

way an organism looks/behaves

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10
Q

Genotype

A

what the letters actually are (can’t always be seen)

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11
Q

Genetics

A

study of heredity, the passing of characteristics from parents to children

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12
Q

Gene

A

the part of the DNA that codes for a trait

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13
Q

Alleles

A

variations of the same gene (ex: brown, blue, green eyes)

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14
Q

Gregor Mendel

A

the father of Genetics

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15
Q

Mendels 3 Laws:

A
  1. Law of Segregation
  2. Law of Independent Assortment
  3. Law of Dominance
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16
Q

Law of Segregation

A

A parent who has 2 alleles can only pass on one

17
Q

Law of Independent Assortment

A

Traits are inherited separately

18
Q

Law of Dominance

A

Dominant alleles will always cover up recessive alleles

19
Q

Non-Mendelian Genetics:

A
  1. Sex Linked
  2. Codominant
  3. Incomplete dominance
20
Q

Sex Linked

A

a gene carried on the sex chromosome

21
Q

Codominant

A

instead of a trait being dominant both traits appear (blood type, speckled flowers)

22
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

both traits are expressed at the same time or blended

23
Q

Blood typing

A

displays codominance

24
Q

Color blindness

A

recessive x-linked trait, only one recessive allele is required to show color blindness in males

25
Q

Dihybrid cross

A

punnett square that crosses 2 traits

26
Q

Meiosis

A

sexual reproduction, makes children DIFFERENT from parents and siblings

27
Q

Crossing Over

A

exchange of genetic material between chromosomes in Prophase I

28
Q

PMAT

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

29
Q

Nondisjunction

A

failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis resulting in missing or extra chromosomes

30
Q

Characteristics of Meiosis

A

Cells divide twice
End with 4 daughter cells
Produce gametic (sex) cells

31
Q

Characteristics of Meiosis

A

Gametic cells are ALL different
Have HALF the chromosomes
Somatic (diploid)=46
Gametic (haploid)=23

Biology (9 decks)

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