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Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Mitochondria

A

Creates energy from primary energy in Eukaryotic cells, and found in the cytoplasm

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2
Q

Nucleolus

A

Produces and assembles ribosomes in Eukaryotic cells, found in the nucleus

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3
Q

Ribosomes

A

Synthesizes proteins for the cell in both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells

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4
Q

Smooth ER

A

Synthesizes lipids, phospholipids, plasma membranes, and steroids. Found in Eukaryotic cells, near the periphery.

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5
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Packs and sends out proteins, found in Eukaryotic cells near nucleus and ER

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6
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Provides platform for other organelles to function, found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and it fills the inside of cells

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7
Q

Cell (plasma) Membrane

A

Regulates transportation of things moving in and out of the cell, found in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells on the outer covering of the cell (semi-permeable)

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8
Q

Nucleus

A

Stores cell’s DNA and acts as the brain of the cell in Eukaryotic cells in the middle of the cell

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9
Q

Vacuole

A

Storage for waste, food, etc. in eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells, found in the cytoplasm

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10
Q

Rough ER

A

Produces proteins for the cell to function in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, right against the nucleus

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11
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Maintains cell’s shape and organization in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, in the cytoplasm of the cell

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12
Q

Cell Wall

A

Protects and strengthens prokaryotic and eukaryotic (only in plants) cells, outside the cell membrane

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13
Q

Chloroplast

A

Creates energy through photosynthesis in prokaryotic cells and plant cells, located in mesophyll for plants

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14
Q

Lysosome

A

Digestive system of Eukaryotic cells, budded from the Golgi Apparatus

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15
Q

Endosymbiotic Theory

A

Eukaryotes evolved when small prokaryotes got stuck inside larger ones and developed into mitochondria, chloroplasts, and other organelles

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16
Q

Robert Hooke

A

first discovered cells in a cork oak tree; named them cells because they reminded him of the rooms monks lived in

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17
Q

Cells

A

basic unit of life

18
Q

Cell Theory

A
  1. All living things are made up of cells
  2. Cells are the most basic unit of life
  3. All cells come from preexisting cells
19
Q

Chemicals that can pass through cell membrane

A

Small and Nonpolar; O2, CO2, N2, Glycerol, Ethanol, H2O

20
Q

Chemicals that can’t pass through cell membrane

A

Large and Polar; Glucose, Amino Acid, H+, Cl+, Ca2+

21
Q

Passive Transport

A

no energy, molecules pass through cell membrane without use of energy

22
Q

Active Transport

A

requires energy, necessary for molecules to pass through cell membrane

23
Q

Concentration Gradient

A

particles will always move from an area with a higher number of particles to an area with a lower number of particles (go with the flow and move from high to low)

24
Q

Solute

A

the substance being dissolved

25
Q

Solvent

A

the liquid that the solute is dissolving in

26
Q

Solution

A

a mixture of a solvent and a solute

27
Q

Isotonic

A

when the concentration of each side of the membrane is the same (ideal for humans)

28
Q

Hypertonic

A

solution has a higher solute solution than the cell and shrinks the cell

29
Q

Hypotonic

A

solution has a lower solution concentration than the cell and swells up (ideal for plants)

30
Q

Diffusion

A

(small, not charged) any molecules of a substance moving from high to low concentration (H to L)

31
Q

Osmosis

A

(water) the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane (H to L)

32
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

(larger or charged) when a cell membrane protein facilitates/helps a molecule diffuse through the membrane (H to L)

33
Q

Protein Pumps

A

proteins that move any molecule from L to H

34
Q

Bulk Transport

A

In: Endocytosis
- Pinocytosis (liquid “cell drinking”)
- Phagocytosis (sold “cell eating”)

Exit: Exocytosis

35
Q

Where is the DNA/RNA in prokaryotic cells?

A

Floats in cytoplasm because there is no membrane bound organelle

36
Q

Rudolf Virchow

A

All cells come from preexisting cells

37
Q

Mattias Schleiden

A

All plants are made of cells

38
Q

Theodor Schwann

A

All animals are made of cells

39
Q

Carbohydrate Chain

A

Sit on the outside of the cell and act as an identifier for the cell. This is important to immunity (the immune system recognizes carbohydrate identifiers).

40
Q

Phospholipid

A

Double layer (Bilayer) of lipids. Makes up structure of cell membrane. Hydrophilic heads on outside and hydrophobic tails on inside.

41
Q

Cholesterol

A

Prevents membrane from becoming too rigid. (maintain fluidity)

42
Q

Membrane Protein

A

Aids in cell transport. Either facilitated diffusion (passive transport) or pumps (active transport)

Biology (9 decks)

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