Cells

Question 1

Mitochondria

Answer 1

Creates energy from primary energy in Eukaryotic cells, and found in the cytoplasm

Question 2

Nucleolus

Answer 2

Produces and assembles ribosomes in Eukaryotic cells, found in the nucleus

Question 3

Ribosomes

Answer 3

Synthesizes proteins for the cell in both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells

Question 4

Smooth ER

Answer 4

Synthesizes lipids, phospholipids, plasma membranes, and steroids. Found in Eukaryotic cells, near the periphery.

Question 5

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 5

Packs and sends out proteins, found in Eukaryotic cells near nucleus and ER

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

Provides platform for other organelles to function, found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and it fills the inside of cells

Question 7

Cell (plasma) Membrane

Answer 7

Regulates transportation of things moving in and out of the cell, found in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells on the outer covering of the cell (semi-permeable)

Question 8

Nucleus

Answer 8

Stores cell’s DNA and acts as the brain of the cell in Eukaryotic cells in the middle of the cell

Question 9

Vacuole

Answer 9

Storage for waste, food, etc. in eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells, found in the cytoplasm

Question 10

Rough ER

Answer 10

Produces proteins for the cell to function in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, right against the nucleus

Question 11

Cytoskeleton

Answer 11

Maintains cell’s shape and organization in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, in the cytoplasm of the cell

Question 12

Cell Wall

Answer 12

Protects and strengthens prokaryotic and eukaryotic (only in plants) cells, outside the cell membrane

Question 13

Chloroplast

Answer 13

Creates energy through photosynthesis in prokaryotic cells and plant cells, located in mesophyll for plants

Question 14

Lysosome

Answer 14

Digestive system of Eukaryotic cells, budded from the Golgi Apparatus

Question 15

Endosymbiotic Theory

Answer 15

Eukaryotes evolved when small prokaryotes got stuck inside larger ones and developed into mitochondria, chloroplasts, and other organelles

Question 16

Robert Hooke

Answer 16

first discovered cells in a cork oak tree; named them cells because they reminded him of the rooms monks lived in

Question 17

Cells

Answer 17

basic unit of life

Question 18

Cell Theory

Answer 18

1. All living things are made up of cells
2. Cells are the most basic unit of life
3. All cells come from preexisting cells

Question 19

Chemicals that can pass through cell membrane

Answer 19

Small and Nonpolar; O2, CO2, N2, Glycerol, Ethanol, H2O

Question 20

Chemicals that can’t pass through cell membrane

Answer 20

Large and Polar; Glucose, Amino Acid, H+, Cl+, Ca2+

Question 21

Passive Transport

Answer 21

no energy, molecules pass through cell membrane without use of energy

Question 22

Active Transport

Answer 22

requires energy, necessary for molecules to pass through cell membrane

Question 23

Concentration Gradient

Answer 23

particles will always move from an area with a higher number of particles to an area with a lower number of particles (go with the flow and move from high to low)

Question 24

Solute

Answer 24

the substance being dissolved

Question 25

Solvent

Answer 25

the liquid that the solute is dissolving in

Question 26

Solution

Answer 26

a mixture of a solvent and a solute

Question 27

Isotonic

Answer 27

when the concentration of each side of the membrane is the same (ideal for humans)

Question 28

Hypertonic

Answer 28

solution has a higher solute solution than the cell and shrinks the cell

Question 29

Hypotonic

Answer 29

solution has a lower solution concentration than the cell and swells up (ideal for plants)

Question 30

Diffusion

Answer 30

(small, not charged) any molecules of a substance moving from high to low concentration (H to L)

Question 31

Osmosis

Answer 31

(water) the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane (H to L)

Question 32

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 32

(larger or charged) when a cell membrane protein facilitates/helps a molecule diffuse through the membrane (H to L)

Question 33

Protein Pumps

Answer 33

proteins that move any molecule from L to H

Question 34

Bulk Transport

Answer 34

In: Endocytosis - Pinocytosis (liquid "cell drinking") - Phagocytosis (sold "cell eating") Exit: Exocytosis

Question 35

Where is the DNA/RNA in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 35

Floats in cytoplasm because there is no membrane bound organelle

Question 36

Rudolf Virchow

Answer 36

All cells come from preexisting cells

Question 37

Mattias Schleiden

Answer 37

All plants are made of cells

Question 38

Theodor Schwann

Answer 38

All animals are made of cells

Question 39

Carbohydrate Chain

Answer 39

Sit on the outside of the cell and act as an identifier for the cell. This is important to immunity (the immune system recognizes carbohydrate identifiers).

Question 40

Phospholipid

Answer 40

Double layer (Bilayer) of lipids. Makes up structure of cell membrane. Hydrophilic heads on outside and hydrophobic tails on inside.

Question 41

Cholesterol

Answer 41

Prevents membrane from becoming too rigid. (maintain fluidity)

Question 42

Membrane Protein

Answer 42

Aids in cell transport. Either facilitated diffusion (passive transport) or pumps (active transport)