Unit 4

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid

Question 2

What does DNA do?

Answer 2

holds ALL the genetic info for cell functions, growth, protein production, and cell division

Question 3

Structure of DNA

Answer 3

-A molecule of DNA is made up of millions of tiny subunits called Nucleotides
-Nucleotides are the MONOMER of Nucleic Acid

Question 4

3 Parts of Nucleotide

Answer 4

-Deoxyribose sugar
-Phosphate
-Nitrogenous base

Question 5

What are the 4 nitrogenous bases?

Answer 5

A-Adenine
T-Thymine

C-Cytosine
G-Guanine

Question 6

How do these bases bond?

Answer 6

By using hydrogen bonds

Question 7

How many strands does DNA have?

Answer 7

2, they run antiparallel

Coils into a double helix and has a backbone made up of phosphate and sugar

Question 8

Where is DNA found in the cell?

Answer 8

Nucleus

Question 9

What kind of sugar does DNA have?

Answer 9

Deoxyribose sugar

Question 10

RNA

Answer 10

Ribonucleic Acid

Question 11

RNA Function

Answer 11

acts like a messenger, carries instructions from DNA to ribosomes

Question 12

What are the three parts of RNA?

Answer 12

-Ribose sugar
-Phosphate
-Nitrogenous base

Question 13

What nitrogenous base in RNA replaces Thymine in DNA

Answer 13

U-Uracil

Question 14

How many strands does RNA have?

Answer 14

One

Question 15

Chromosome

Answer 15

X-shaped structures in the nucleus, made of bundled up DNA

Question 16

What is the center part of a chromosome called?

Answer 16

Centromere

Question 17

What are the two leg looking parts called?

Answer 17

Sister chromatids

Question 18

Gene

Answer 18

genetic info on a chromosome for specific traits

Question 19

Gene Expression

Answer 19

DNA is like a book, cells read only 1 chapter (gene) and become what that chapter (gene) says

Question 20

Differentiation

Answer 20

specialization, when cells do gene expression to gain their “job”

Question 21

Mutation

Answer 21

error in the DNA

Question 22

Cancer

Answer 22

mutation of the cell cycle, cells divide uncontrollably causing tumors

Question 23

Somatic cell

Answer 23

all body cells, like skin, bone, etc

Question 24

Interphase

Answer 24

cell spends majority of its life, growing, doing its job

Question 25

Prophase

Answer 25

DNA forms into chromosomes, nucleus disappears

Question 26

2.) Metaphase

Answer 26

chromosomes line up in middle of cell

Question 27

Anaphase

Answer 27

spindles pull sister chromatids apart to opposite sides

Question 28

Telophase

Answer 28

nucleus reforms, chromosomes uncoil, begin cytokinesis

Question 29

Cytokinesis

Answer 29

cytoplasm divides to form 2 daughter cells part of telophase

Question 30

Why is it important to replicate DNA?

Answer 30

existing cells need to divide and need a copy of DNA for the new cells

Question 31

Why is it important to replicate DNA?

Answer 31

existing cells need to divide and need a copy of DNA for the new cells

Question 32

What is semi-conservative?

Answer 32

The parent strands serve as templates Results in two new strands Half from the original Half form the new stuff

Question 33

How does the DNA Double Helix unwind?

Answer 33

with help from an enzyme topoisomerase

Question 34

What does helicase do?

Answer 34

unzips the double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the bases of opposite DNA strands

Question 35

How does the cell keep the strands from going back together?

Answer 35

by binding proteins to them

Question 36

What does primase do?

Answer 36

lays a few sequences of RNA because DNA polymerase gets confused and needs direction

Question 37

What does DNA polymerase do?

Answer 37

makes a new strand of DNA from the parent template

Question 38

What does ligase do?

Answer 38

glues the backbone of the new daughter strands

Question 39

What is the leading strand?

Answer 39

the template strand so that has the perfect orientation for DNA polymerase to continually do its job

Question 40

What is the lagging strand?

Answer 40

the template strand that DOES NOT have the perfect orientation

Question 41

What is a negative result of the lagging strand?

Answer 41

short fragments of DNA called Okazaki fragments