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Taxonomy Flashcards

1
Q

Classification

A

grouping and naming organisms based on similarities

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2
Q

Taxonomy

A

the science of grouping and naming organisms

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3
Q

Carolus Linnaeus

A

developed the best system of classification, based on physical similarities

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4
Q

Binomial nomenclature

A

(2 names) world-wide scientific system of naming

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5
Q

Scientific Name

A

combination of genus and species

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6
Q

RULES

A

1.) written in Latin
2.) written in italics
3.) has at least 2 words
4.)1st word capitalized, 2nd is not

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7
Q

Dichotomous key

A

tool for identification of organisms

Also finds genus and species (AKA scientific name)

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8
Q

VIRUSES

A

Tiny Non-living particles that invade and then replicate inside a host cell

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9
Q

How large are viruses

A

Viruses are smaller than bacteria and very simple in structure

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10
Q

Protein coat

A

protects the virus

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11
Q

Capsid

A

contains the genetic material

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12
Q

Surface proteins

A

allow it to attach to the host cell. These act like a lock & key & are specific to the type of cell that the virus can invade

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13
Q

Envelope

A

some viruses may also have an outer membrane

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14
Q

ACTIVE

A

Lytic Phase (lysis)

Virus attaches to the cell. The viral genetic material takes over and begins to replicate immediately (can take 1-12 days)

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15
Q

HIDDEN

A

Lysogenic Phase (lay low)

Genetic material is combined with the cell’s and lies dormant until it is ready to become active (can take years)

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16
Q

How do viruses reproduce?

A
  1. Virus attaches to the cell
  2. Virus releases genetic material into cell
  3. Cell is instructed to make more virus parts
  4. Virus parts are assembled
  5. New viruses emerge from cell, destroying it in the process
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17
Q

BACTERIA

A

Prokaryotic; unicellular organisms with NO nucleus and NO membrane-bound organelles

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18
Q

Two Kingdoms

A

KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA

KINGDOM EUBACTERIA

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19
Q

COCCUS

A

round shaped (Ex. Staphylococcus aureus- staph infection)

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20
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS

A

round shaped in a chain (Ex. Streptococcus pneumoniae- cause of pneumonia

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21
Q

BACILLUS

A

Rod-shaped (Ex. Bacillus coagulans- good bacteria found in yougurt that helps your digestive system.

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22
Q

SPIRILLUM

A

spiral-shaped (Ex. Campylobacter jejuni- leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans)

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23
Q

PHOTOSYNTHETIC

A

Autotrophs use energy from the sun to make food

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24
Q

CHEMOSYNTHETIC

A

Autotrophs use energy in chemicals to make food

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25
RESPIRATION
Heterotrophs consume food and use oxygen to make energy
26
ASEXUAL
BINARY FISSION one parent divides to form two identical offspring
27
CONJUGATION
exchange genetic material through a tube that connects them
28
STATIONARY
Don’t move!
29
FLAGELLA
Long whip-like tail
30
PROTISTA
Unicellular eukaryotes that can be animal-like, plant-like, or fungus-like and mostly live in moist surroundings
31
PLANT-LIKE energy
Photosynthesis
32
ANIMAL-LIKE energy
Consuming other organisms
33
FUNGUS-LIKE energy
Absorbing decaying materials
34
PLANT-LIKE moving
Flagella and floating
35
ANIMAL-LIKE moving
Pseudopodia, cilia, flagella, or by using host
36
FUNGUS-LIKE moving
Ooze using pseudopodia
37
What are viruses?
non-living
38
What are bacteria?
prokaryotic and unicellular
39
What are protists?
eukaryotic and unicellular
40
FUNGI
Multicellular or unicellular (yeast) eukaryotic heterotrophs that absorb decaying material and live in warm moist places
41
main characteristics of Fungi
All are haploid (half the number of chromosomes) Cell walls are made of chitin Mycelium: underground root-like system
42
PARASITIC energy
From living host, harming it in the process Fungal Infections like Athlete’s foot
43
MUTUALISTIC energy
From a beneficial relationship with another organism Lichens
44
DECOMPOSER
From breaking down decaying materials Mushrooms
45
Hyphae
(roots) grow into food source
46
Digestive enzymes
are released into organism
47
Hyphae absorb ...
nutrients
48
SEXUAL fungi reproduction
Hyphal exchange hyphae fuse together & trade genetic material
49
ASEXUAL fungi reproduction
Budding Identical organism grows from the parent
50
Fruiting Body
structure that makes asexual spores
51
PLANTAE
NON-VASCULAR Multicellular eukaryotic autotrophs that do not have tubes (no roots, stems or leaves)
52
characteristics of non-vascular plants
Low growing plants that get materials directly from surroundings Cells are supported using cell walls made of cellulose Autotroph: make their own food using energy from the sun through photosynthesis
53
What three parts do plant cells have that animal cells do not have?
Cell Wall Chloroplasts Large vacuole
54
PLANTAE
VASCULAR Multicellular eukaryotic autotrophs that have a system of tubes (roots, stems and leaves)
55
characteristics of vascular plants
Retain water Transport materials; have tubes called xylem and phloem to transport materials Autotroph: make their own food using energy from the sun through photosynthesis
56
PHOTOTROPISM
Plant grows toward light (+)
57
GRAVITROPISM
Plant grows away from gravity (-)
58
THIGMOTROPISM
Plant wraps around object when near – vines (+)
59
Waxy cuticle
helps the plant to retain water. Makes the plant almost “waterproof”.
60
mesophyll layer
responsible for the majority of photosynthesis
61
xylem
carries water from the roots to the leaf.
62
phloem
carries nutrients from the leaf to the rest of the plant.
63
stomata
taking in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. While the stomata is open, water can evaporate out of the stomata (transpiration). The stomata being open/closed is regulated by guard cells.
64
embryo
the part that will turn into a plant once the seed germinates
65
cotyledon
stores food for the seed until it is ready to grow
66
seed coat
protects the seed.
67
STAMEN
The MALE part made of the anther and filament.
68
PISTIL
The FEMALE part made of the STIGMA, STYLE, and OVARY
69
PETALS
attract pollinators.
70
Invertebrate
animals without a backbone
71
Vertebrate
animals with a backbone
72
ANIMALIA: INVERTEBRATES
Multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs that do not have a backbone
73
PORIFERA characteristics
Filter feed using collar cells Lives in water and stays in one place (sessile)
74
CNIDARIA characteristics
Have stinging cells called cnidoblasts used for defense and to capture prey Two body plans Often live in colonies
75
ECHINODERMATA characteristics
Water vascular system (fluid filled tubes) Sticky tube feet used to move and capture prey
76
ARTHROPOD characteristics
Has an outer skeleton (exoskeleton) Segmented body Largest group of animals
77
WORM characteristics
Simplest organism with a brain Three main phyla: Nematoda: long, cylindrical body Platyhelminthes: all are parasitic Annelida: has a closed circulatory syste
78
ANIMALIA: VERTEBRATES
Multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs that have a backbone
79
PISCES characteristics
Ectothermic Three main groups: Jawless fish: do not have jaws Cartilaginous fish: endoskeleton made of cartilage Bony fish: endoskeleton made of bone
80
AMPHIBIA characteristics
Ectothermic with smooth moist skin Goes through metamorphosis Three main groups: Salamanders Frogs & Toads Caecilians
81
REPTILIA characteristics
Dry scaly skin adapted for life on land Soft, leathery amniotic eggs laid on land Three main groups: Crocodilians & alligators Turtles Lizards & Snakes
82
REPTILIA characteristics
Dry scaly skin adapted for life on land Soft, leathery amniotic eggs laid on land Three main groups: Crocodilians & alligators Turtles Lizards & Snakes
83
AVES characteristics
Endothermic Closed circulatory system with four-chambered heart Lays hard-shelled eggs Most care for young after they hatch
84
MAMMALIA characteristics
Endothermic with fur Closed circulatory system with four-chambered heart Give birth to live young (with a few exceptions)

Biology (9 decks)

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