Evolution

Question 1

Urey-Miller Experiment

Answer 1

simulated early Earth, created amino acids that were building blocks for life

Question 2

Fossils

Answer 2

remains of organism preserved in petrified form

Question 3

Archaeopteryx

Answer 3

had scales and feathers, possible link between birds and dinosaurs

Question 4

Vestigial structure

Answer 4

structures in an organism that no longer have purpose, no longer need it

Question 5

Embryology

Answer 5

animal embryos share traits, suggests a common ancestor

Question 6

Genetics

Answer 6

ALL living things have DNA, amino acids, cells, etc

Question 7

Homologous structures

Answer 7

body parts/bones are similar because they have a common ancestor

Question 8

Analogous structures

Answer 8

body parts that look/work similar because of a similar environment

Question 9

Divergent evolution

Answer 9

species are similar because they come from a common ancestor

have homologous structures

Question 10

Convergent evolution

Answer 10

live in a similar habitat so they evolve similarly, but are not related

have analogous structures

Question 11

Cladogram

Answer 11

branching diagram showing the relationship between species

Question 12

Evolution

Answer 12

change in inherited traits over time

Question 13

Charles Darwin

Answer 13

Father of Evolution, all species descended over time from a common ancestor

Question 14

Natural Selection

Answer 14

only the BEST organisms survive to have babies + pass on their traits

Question 15

Adaptation

Answer 15

changes that makes an organism better able to live in its environment

Question 16

Artificial Selection

Answer 16

humans breed animals & plants that have the best traits

Question 17

Thumb

Answer 17

Natural Selection

Question 18

Natural Selection

Answer 18

Individuals with favorable alleles survive, reproduce and pass on those alleles

ADAPTIVE

most successful at surviving to reproduce

Question 19

Middle Flinger

Answer 19

Mutation

Question 20

Mutation

Answer 20

the only way new alleles can appear in a species

NON-ADAPTIVE

Random addition of new alleles

Question 21

Pinky Finger

Answer 21

Genetic Drift

Question 22

Genetic Drift

Answer 22

A chance occurrence that changes allele frequency

NON-ADAPTIVE

Effects are more pronounced if the population size is small.

Question 23

Pointer Finger

Answer 23

Gene Flow

Question 24

Gene Flow

Answer 24

Emigration and Immigration

One of two ways to reintroduce genetic diversity

NON-ADAPTIVE

Alleles move from population to population

Question 25

Ring Finger

Answer 25

Sexual Selection

Question 26

Sexual Selection

Answer 26

The traits that get you mates Change in allele frequency of traits due to gender preference Selective change and may seem maladaptive ADAPTIVE Individuals with prefered alleles survive, reproduce and pass on those alleles

Question 27

What happens to alleles in Natural Selection

Answer 27

Decrease in less favorable alleles which may eventually be eliminated.

Question 28

What happens to alleles in Mutation

Answer 28

Increases alleles: addition of new variants

Question 29

What happens to alleles in Genetic Drift

Answer 29

Decreases alleles: reduction in variation

Question 30

What happens to alleles in Gene Flow

Answer 30

Increases alleles: addition of new alleles to population.

Question 31

What happens to alleles in Sexual Selection

Answer 31

Decrease in less favorable alleles which may eventually be eliminated.

Question 32

Gradualism

Answer 32

hypothesis that evolution occurs mainly via slow changes over time.

Question 33

Punctuated equilibrium

Answer 33

hypothesis that evolution occurs mainly via isolated episodes of rapid change, between long period of little or no change.

Question 34

Species

Answer 34

A group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.

Question 35

Ecological Isolation

Answer 35

species live in different environments - geographic separation

Question 36

Temporal Isolation

Answer 36

species have different mating or fertility timeframes - different mating or fertility time frames

Question 37

Behavioral Isolation

Answer 37

species display different mating activities - mating displays

Question 38

Mechanical Isolation

Answer 38

species have incompatible mating organs

Question 39

Gametic Isolation

Answer 39

species have incompatible gametes - pollen, gametes

Question 40

Hybrid Inviability

Answer 40

species gametes unite but viable offspring cannot form - offspring cannot reproduce (mules), or do not form appropriately

Question 41

Hybrid Infertility

Answer 41

offspring are viable but cannot reproduce - offspring cannot reproduce (mules), or do not form appropriately

Question 42

Biogeography

Answer 42

The discipline of biology that studies the present and past distribution patterns of biological diversity and their underlying environmental and historical causes.

Question 43

Structures

Answer 43

- homologous - analogous - embryological - vestigial