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Biology > Evolution > Flashcards

Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

Urey-Miller Experiment

A

simulated early Earth, created amino acids that were building blocks for life

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2
Q

Fossils

A

remains of organism preserved in petrified form

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3
Q

Archaeopteryx

A

had scales and feathers, possible link between birds and dinosaurs

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4
Q

Vestigial structure

A

structures in an organism that no longer have purpose, no longer need it

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5
Q

Embryology

A

animal embryos share traits, suggests a common ancestor

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6
Q

Genetics

A

ALL living things have DNA, amino acids, cells, etc

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7
Q

Homologous structures

A

body parts/bones are similar because they have a common ancestor

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8
Q

Analogous structures

A

body parts that look/work similar because of a similar environment

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9
Q

Divergent evolution

A

species are similar because they come from a common ancestor

have homologous structures

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10
Q

Convergent evolution

A

live in a similar habitat so they evolve similarly, but are not related

have analogous structures

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11
Q

Cladogram

A

branching diagram showing the relationship between species

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12
Q

Evolution

A

change in inherited traits over time

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13
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Father of Evolution, all species descended over time from a common ancestor

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14
Q

Natural Selection

A

only the BEST organisms survive to have babies + pass on their traits

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15
Q

Adaptation

A

changes that makes an organism better able to live in its environment

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16
Q

Artificial Selection

A

humans breed animals & plants that have the best traits

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17
Q

Thumb

A

Natural Selection

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18
Q

Natural Selection

A

Individuals with favorable alleles survive, reproduce and pass on those alleles

ADAPTIVE

most successful at surviving to reproduce

19
Q

Middle Flinger

20
Q

Mutation

A

the only way new alleles can appear in a species

NON-ADAPTIVE

Random addition of new alleles

21
Q

Pinky Finger

A

Genetic Drift

22
Q

Genetic Drift

A

A chance occurrence that changes allele frequency

NON-ADAPTIVE

Effects are more pronounced if the population size is small.

23
Q

Pointer Finger

24
Q

Gene Flow

A

Emigration and Immigration

One of two ways to reintroduce genetic diversity

NON-ADAPTIVE

Alleles move from population to population

25
Q

Ring Finger

A

Sexual Selection

26
Q

Sexual Selection

A

The traits that get you mates

Change in allele frequency of traits due to gender preference

Selective change and may seem maladaptive

ADAPTIVE

Individuals with prefered alleles survive, reproduce and pass on those alleles

27
Q

What happens to alleles in Natural Selection

A

Decrease in less favorable alleles which may eventually be eliminated.

28
Q

What happens to alleles in Mutation

A

Increases alleles: addition of new variants

29
Q

What happens to alleles in Genetic Drift

A

Decreases alleles: reduction in variation

30
Q

What happens to alleles in Gene Flow

A

Increases alleles: addition of new alleles to population.

31
Q

What happens to alleles in Sexual Selection

A

Decrease in less favorable alleles which may eventually be eliminated.

32
Q

Gradualism

A

hypothesis that evolution occurs mainly via slow changes over time.

33
Q

Punctuated equilibrium

A

hypothesis that evolution occurs mainly via isolated episodes of rapid change, between long period of little or no change.

34
Q

Species

A

A group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.

35
Q

Ecological Isolation

A

species live in different environments

  • geographic separation
36
Q

Temporal Isolation

A

species have different mating or fertility timeframes

  • different mating or fertility time frames
37
Q

Behavioral Isolation

A

species display different mating activities

  • mating displays
38
Q

Mechanical Isolation

A

species have incompatible mating organs

39
Q

Gametic Isolation

A

species have incompatible gametes

  • pollen, gametes
40
Q

Hybrid Inviability

A

species gametes unite but viable offspring cannot form

  • offspring cannot reproduce (mules), or do not form appropriately
41
Q

Hybrid Infertility

A

offspring are viable but cannot reproduce

  • offspring cannot reproduce (mules), or do not form appropriately
42
Q

Biogeography

A

The discipline of biology that studies the present and past distribution patterns of biological diversity and their underlying environmental and historical causes.

43
Q

Structures

A
  • homologous
  • analogous
  • embryological
  • vestigial

Biology (9 decks)

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