Unit 5 Terms 13-24

Question 5

Transcription

Answer 5

the synthesis of RNA on a DNA template

Question 6

Translation

Answer 6

the synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of “language” from nucleotide to amino acids

Question 7

Complementary

Answer 7

descriptive relationship between two polynucleotides that can combine in an antiparallel double-helix

Question 8

Chromosome

Answer 8

a gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and most visible during mitosis and meiosis; also, the main gene-carrying structure

Question 9

Semi-Conservative

Answer 9

a type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand, derived from the old molecule, and one newly made strand

Question 10

Frameshift Mutation

Answer 10

a change in the genetic material that involves the insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides in a gene, resulting in a change in the triplet grouping of nucleotides

Question 11

Point Mutation

Answer 11

a genetic mutation where a single nucleotide Base is changed, inserted or deleted from a DNA or RNA sequence of an organism’s genome

Question 12

Exon

Answer 12

the part of a gene that becomes part of the final messenger RNA and is therefore expressed

Question 13

Intron

Answer 13

an internal, noncoding region of a gene that does not become part of the final messenger RNA molecule and is therefore not expressed

Question 14

Double Helix

Answer 14

the form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands interwound into a spiral shape

Question 15

Replication Fork

Answer 15

a Y-shaped region where the parent DNA double helix splits into two strands, subsequently copied

Question 16

Anti Parallel

Answer 16

when two biopolymers run parallel to each other, but with opposite directionally