MSA Chapter 12 Vocab Flashcards
Biotechnology
the manipulation of organisms or their components to make useful products
Clone
a group of identical cells descended from a single ancestral cell
Complementary DNA
the double-stranded DNA that forms after another enzyme after reverse transcriptase is added to break down the mRNA and DNA polermase
DNA ligase
the enzyme that joins the old and new strand of DNA in gene cloning
Gene cloning
the production of multiple identical copies of a gene-carrying piece of DNA``
DNA Technology
modern laboratory techniques for studying and manipulating genetic material
Genetic engineering
the direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes
Genomic library
the entire collection of all the cloned DNA fragments from a genome
Nucleic acid probes
complementary molecules used to find a specific or other nucleotide within DNA, they are “Labeled”
Plasmids
small, circular DNA molecules that duplicate separately from the much larger bacterial chromosome
Recombinant DNA
DNA from two different sources, often species
Restriction enzymes
enzymes that cut DNA into fragments, in nature they protect bacterial cells against intruders (DNA from other organisms or viruses)
Restriction site
The DNA sequence recognized by a particular restriction enzyme
Reverse transcriptase
the enzyme that isolates mRNA and makes single-stranded DNA transcripts from it
Vector
a gene carrier
