Unit 5 Terms 1-12

Question 5

Nucleotide

Answer 5

a building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and one or more phosphate groups

Question 6

Sugar-Phosphate Backbone

Answer 6

In a polynucleotide (DNA or RNA strand), the alternating chain of sugar and phosphate to which nitrogenous bases are attatched

Question 7

Base Pair

Answer 7

a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids, consisting of two bases help together by hydrogen bonds

Question 8

Codon

Answer 8

a three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or polypeptide termination signal

Question 9

Anti-Codon

Answer 9

on a tRNA molecule, a specific sequence of three nucleotide that is complementary to a codon triplet on mRNA

Question 10

Amino Acid

Answer 10

An organic molecule containing a carboxyl group and an amino group; serves as the MONOMER of PROTEINS

Question 11

Chargaff’s Rule

Answer 11

rule that states that the amount Adenine + Thymine = Guanine + Cytosine

Question 12

Nitrogenous Base

Answer 12

organic molecules containing nitrogen that are crucial components of nucleotide the blocks of DNA and RNA

ex. A, T, G, C, U

Question 13

mRNA

Answer 13

messenger RNA, encodes genetic information from DNA and conveys it to ribosomes where the information is translated into amino acid sequences

Question 14

rRNA

Answer 14

ribosomal RNA, the type of ribonucleic acid that, together with proteins, makes up ribosomes; the most abundant type of RNA in most cells

Question 15

tRNA

Answer 15

transfer RNA, the type of ribonucleic acid that functions as an interpreter in translation, each tRNA picks up a specific amino acid, and conveys it to its appropriate codon on mRNA

Question 16

Peptide bond

Answer 16

the covalent bond between two amino acid units in a polypeptide formed by a dehydration reaction