Unit 5 Terms 1-12

Question 1

Nucleotide

Answer 1

a building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and one or more phosphate groups

Question 2

Sugar-Phosphate Backbone

Answer 2

In a polynucleotide (DNA or RNA strand), the alternating chain of sugar and phosphate to which nitrogenous bases are attatched

Question 3

Base Pair

Answer 3

a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids, consisting of two bases help together by hydrogen bonds

Question 4

Codon

Answer 4

a three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or polypeptide termination signal

Question 5

Anti-Codon

Answer 5

on a tRNA molecule, a specific sequence of three nucleotide that is complementary to a codon triplet on mRNA

Question 6

Amino Acid

Answer 6

An organic molecule containing a carboxyl group and an amino group; serves as the MONOMER of PROTEINS

Question 7

Chargaff’s Rule

Answer 7

rule that states that the amount Adenine + Thymine = Guanine + Cytosine

Question 8

Nitrogenous Base

Answer 8

organic molecules containing nitrogen that are crucial components of nucleotide the blocks of DNA and RNA

ex. A, T, G, C, U

Question 9

mRNA (messenger RNA)

Answer 9

, encodes genetic information from DNA and conveys it to ribosomes where the information is translated into amino acid sequences

Question 10

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

Answer 10

, the type of ribonucleic acid that, together with proteins, makes up ribosomes; the most abundant type of RNA in most cells

Question 11

tRNA (transfer RNA)

Answer 11

, the type of ribonucleic acid that as an interpreter in translation, each one picks up a specific amino acid, and conveys it to its appropriate codon on mRNA

Question 12

Peptide bond

Answer 12

the covalent bond between two amino acid units in a polypeptide formed by a dehydration reaction