Unit 5 Study Guide Flashcards
Through what system does the body transport oxygen?
Cardiovascular system
Give five ways in which the cardiovascular system maintains Homeostasis
- body temperature
- blood pressure
- blood volume
- maintain biological pH
- protect body from Invaders
How many chambers are there in the heart? And our Atria on the top or the bottom of the heart?
Four
Top
Which side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs and which side goes to the body?
Blood-> lungs= Right side
Blood-> body= Left side
Arteries carry blood__________ the heart.
From
What is the job of capillaries?
To exchange gases
What is dissolved in plasma?
Proteins and antibodies
What is the job of all the red blood cell?
To carry oxygen
What is the job of a white blood cell?
Protect the body by killing viruses and bacteria
What do platelets help with?
Clotting the blood
What is the difference between a close and open circulatory system? Give an example of a creature that has each. Which one do humans have?
Open circulatory system:
-Blood flows freely through Open spaces
- grasshoppers
Close circulatory system
- blood remains within vessels throughout its circulation
- mammals and humans
What is brought into the body and removed from the body by respiration?
Brought into the body: Oxygen
Removed from the body: carbon dioxide
Why do we have mucus?
- filters germs
- moistens the air
- traps, dust and bacteria
What goes through the pharynx?
Food and Air
What is the name of the door that keeps food out of the lungs?
Glottis
The voice box is called
Larynx
True or false: The lungs are just basically two large balloons
False
What creature has a more efficient respiratory system than we do?
Birds
Give the five functions of the digestive system, for each given example of where in the system it occurs.
- mechanical digestion
• chew with teeth - secretion
• making enzymes - chemical digestion
• acid denaturing proteins from Burger - absorption
• Small intestine - elimination
• body removes waste
How is food mostly chemically digested? Acid or enzymes?
Enzymes
What is the job of the small intestine?
Here, food from the stomach is mixed with many enzymes from the pancreas
Large intestine job is
Remove water from feces
What are the two jobs of the pancreas?
Makes enzymes
Makes insulin
Give four functions of the liver
- makes bile
- allows animals to store glucose
- makes clotting Factor proteins
- breaks down and recycles old blood cells
What are the three functions of kidneys?
- cleans the blood by removing waste
- control fluid levels
- balance minerals in blood
Urine travels from the kidneys to the bladder via the:
Ureters
Urine leaves the body through:
The urethra
What is the job of the spleen?
The spleen is a “guard post” and watches for infections. It also makes fetal blood and stores blood in adults.
What do lymph nodes do?
Keep watch over your blood
What’s the function of tonsils and the appendix?
Act as a defense barrier by trapping and fighting off bacteria and viruses
What is an allergy?
An inflammatory response to something not usually considered dangerous
Give the two major functions of the endocrine system
Makes hormones, which are used for:
Homeostasis- Short-Term change
Puberty- Long term change
What do gonads release?
Sex Hormones
What does the pancreas release? And what is wrong with diabetics concerning insulin?
Insulin
Diabetics either don’t make enough insulin or don’t make any at all.
Give the two primary sex organs of males and females respectively
Ovaries and testes
The testes make:
Sperm and testosterone
The ovaries release:
Estrogen and eggs
What is made by the seminal vesicles?
Semen
What is made by the prostate?
Antacid
What is made by the bulbourethral glands?
Lubricant
What is the job of the penis, reproductively?
Getting sperm inside a vagina
What is the purpose of fallopian tubes?
Eggs pass through and fertilization occurs
What is shed during a girl’s period?
Endometrium (the tissue that lines the uterus)
What passes through the cervix?
Sperm, menstrual fluid
The external reproductive anatomy of a female is collectively known as the:
Vulva
Is it possible for large foreign objects to pass the cervix into the uterus?
No
What is the job of mammary glands? (Boobs)
Make, store, and release milk to feed a baby
(Lactation)
