Unit 3 Test

Question 1

What are the three tenants of cell theory?

Answer 1

-All living things are made of one or more cells
-The cell is the most basic unit of life
-Cells come from other cells (law of biogenesis)

Question 2

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 2

Prokaryotes- bacteria, less complicated
Eukaryotes- animals, plants, proteins, humans, more complicated

Question 3

Cell membrane

Answer 3

Gatekeeper of the cell

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

Watery “gel” in cell
“background” of cell

Question 5

Ribosome

Answer 5

Structure- small bodies made of protein and RNA
Function- protein “ production plant”

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

Structure: double membrane nuclear envelope contains chromatin
Function- contain “DNA” (control center of the cell)

Question 7

Nucleolus

Answer 7

Structure: the nucleolus is simply a dense region of DNA within the nucleus
Function- the nucleolus builds ribosomes

Question 8

Mitochondria

Answer 8

Structure: another two phospholipid bilayers

Function: powerhouse of the cell

Question 9

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

Structure: network of membranes
Function: transportation of things

Question 10

Golgi body

Answer 10

Structure: phospholipid membranes arranged like a stack of pancakes
Function: protein processing and packaging plan

Question 11

Vacuoles

Answer 11

Structure: bubble of membrane, large and often in plants
Function: store stuff

Question 12

Vesicles

Answer 12

Structure: bubbles of membrane, smaller and found in many living things
Function: transport stuff

Question 13

Lysomes

Answer 13

Structure: a bag of enzymes
Function: food processor, /garbage disposal of cells

Question 14

Cytoskeleton

Answer 14

Structure: protein components
Function: stabilize and maintain the cell structure

Question 15

Cell Wall

Answer 15

Structure: cellulose plants, chitin, bacteria
Function: provide structure and strength to plant cells, fungi cells and bacteria

Question 16

Chloroplasts

Answer 16

Structure: double phospholipid bilayer
Function: photosynthesis in plants and similar critters

Question 17

Flagella

Answer 17

Structure: a protein tail
Function: Movement

Question 18

Cillia

Answer 18

Structure: protein hairs
Function: Movement

Question 19

What tasks do cells perform to stay alive?

Answer 19

-Transport
(cells grab what they need from around them)
-Diffusion
(Movement of substances from a high to low gradient)
-Osmosis
(Movement of water from a low salute concentration to a high salute concentration)
-Exocytosis
(the cell ejecting things)
-Endocytosis
(The cell taking in things)
-Pinocytosis
(Drinking a liquid or really small stuff)
-Phagocytosis
(Eating a bigger thing)

Question 20

A creature that must eat other creatures is called a

Answer 20

Heterotroph

Hetero- other
Troph- feeding

Question 21

A creature able to make its own food is called an

Answer 21

Autotroph

Auto- self
Troph- feeding

Question 22

Aptosis

Answer 22

A programmed cell death

Question 23

Cells use proteins called __________ talk to each other

Answer 23

Hormones

Question 24

Metabolism

Answer 24

Anabolism + Catabolism= Metabolism

The sum total of all chemical interactions going on in an organism (not just breaking down your food)

Question 25

Cell respiration

Answer 25

Cell respiration takes glucose and oxygen and turns them into energy, carbon dioxide and water.

Question 26

Photosynthesis

Answer 26

Plants use energy from the Sun along with carbon dioxide and water to make glucose and oxygen.

Question 27

Photosynthesis

Answer 27

Plants use energy from the Sun along with carbon dioxide and water to make glucose and oxygen.

Question 28

What are the three steps of cell respiration?

Answer 28

Glycolysis- the glucose is broken into pieces that will be used in the next phase
Krebs cycle- the pyruvic acid is used to charge up high energy molecules that will use their energy in the next phase
Electron transport chain- the high energy electrons power enzymes that built ATP