Unit 3 Test Flashcards
What are the three tenants of cell theory?
-All living things are made of one or more cells
-The cell is the most basic unit of life
-Cells come from other cells (law of biogenesis)
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotes- bacteria, less complicated
Eukaryotes- animals, plants, proteins, humans, more complicated
Cell membrane
Gatekeeper of the cell
Cytoplasm
Watery “gel” in cell
“background” of cell
Ribosome
Structure- small bodies made of protein and RNA
Function- protein “ production plant”
Nucleus
Structure: double membrane nuclear envelope contains chromatin
Function- contain “DNA” (control center of the cell)
Nucleolus
Structure: the nucleolus is simply a dense region of DNA within the nucleus
Function- the nucleolus builds ribosomes
Mitochondria
Structure: another two phospholipid bilayers
Function: powerhouse of the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum
Structure: network of membranes
Function: transportation of things
Golgi body
Structure: phospholipid membranes arranged like a stack of pancakes
Function: protein processing and packaging plan
Vacuoles
Structure: bubble of membrane, large and often in plants
Function: store stuff
Vesicles
Structure: bubbles of membrane, smaller and found in many living things
Function: transport stuff
Lysomes
Structure: a bag of enzymes
Function: food processor, /garbage disposal of cells
Cytoskeleton
Structure: protein components
Function: stabilize and maintain the cell structure
Cell Wall
Structure: cellulose plants, chitin, bacteria
Function: provide structure and strength to plant cells, fungi cells and bacteria
Chloroplasts
Structure: double phospholipid bilayer
Function: photosynthesis in plants and similar critters
Flagella
Structure: a protein tail
Function: Movement
Cillia
Structure: protein hairs
Function: Movement
What tasks do cells perform to stay alive?
-Transport
(cells grab what they need from around them)
-Diffusion
(Movement of substances from a high to low gradient)
-Osmosis
(Movement of water from a low salute concentration to a high salute concentration)
-Exocytosis
(the cell ejecting things)
-Endocytosis
(The cell taking in things)
-Pinocytosis
(Drinking a liquid or really small stuff)
-Phagocytosis
(Eating a bigger thing)
A creature that must eat other creatures is called a
Heterotroph
Hetero- other
Troph- feeding
A creature able to make its own food is called an
Autotroph
Auto- self
Troph- feeding
Aptosis
A programmed cell death
Cells use proteins called __________ talk to each other
Hormones
Metabolism
Anabolism + Catabolism= Metabolism
The sum total of all chemical interactions going on in an organism (not just breaking down your food)
Cell respiration
Cell respiration takes glucose and oxygen and turns them into energy, carbon dioxide and water.
Photosynthesis
Plants use energy from the Sun along with carbon dioxide and water to make glucose and oxygen.
Photosynthesis
Plants use energy from the Sun along with carbon dioxide and water to make glucose and oxygen.
What are the three steps of cell respiration?
Glycolysis- the glucose is broken into pieces that will be used in the next phase
Krebs cycle- the pyruvic acid is used to charge up high energy molecules that will use their energy in the next phase
Electron transport chain- the high energy electrons power enzymes that built ATP
