Unit 2 Notes

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

What is the definition of energy and what are the kinds?

Answer 2

Energy is the ability to do work
Kinetic energy - energy in motion
Potential energy - stored energy
Radiant energy- energy of electromagnetic waves

Question 3

Mass

Answer 3

Something that can be influenced by a source

Question 4

Everything that physically exists comes in the form of what

Answer 4

Mass or energy

Question 5

Energy is stored in

Answer 5

Bonds

Question 6

Carbon can bond with up to how many atoms

Answer 6

Four

Question 7

What are the two major branches in chemistry ?

Answer 7

Organic and inorganic

Question 8

Organic chemistry is_________ based

Answer 8

Carbon

Question 9

What kind of bonds does a organic molecule have?

Answer 9

Carbon hydrogen

Question 10

What is a large molecule called?

Answer 10

Macromolecule

Question 11

Are macromolecules generally monomers or polymers?

Answer 11

Polymers

Question 12

Are macromolecules generally monomers or polymers?

Answer 12

Polymers

Question 13

What are the four classes of biomolecules found in living things?

Answer 13

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids (fats), nucleic acids

Question 14

What is it called when two different molecules have the same empirical formula?

Answer 14

Isomers

Question 15

Hydrolysis

Answer 15

Breaking polymers into monomers

Question 16

Carbohydrates are made up of what? And what are the examples of each?

Answer 16

Monosaccharides
Glucose-fuel
Fructose- sugar found in fruit
Galactose - an energy source for fuel

Disaccharide
Sucrose- table sugar, made of glucose and fructose
Maltose- malt sugar, made of glucose and glucose
Lactose -milk and sugar made of glucose and galactose

Question 17

Examples of carbohydrates

Answer 17

Cellulose- structural carbohydrates in plants
Chitin- structural carbohydrate in animals and fungi
Starch- strange polymer for plants
Glycogen- change polymer for animals

Question 18

What are all four biomolecules’ elements?

Answer 18

Carbohydrates- C, H, O
Lipids - C, H, O
Protein - C, H, O, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Selenium
Nucleic Acids - C, H, O, Nitrogen, Phosphorus

Question 19

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 19

The formation of polymers by combining monomers

Question 20

What are carbohydrates made of?

Answer 20

Simple sugars (monosaccharide)

Question 21

How many monosaccharides make a polysaccharide?

Answer 21

Three or more

Question 22

What are the four different types of lipids?

Answer 22

Triglycerides - fats (made by animals) and oils (made by plants)
Phospholipids
Steroids
Waxes - a fatty acid bound to a long chain alcohol molecule

Question 23

Glycerol

Answer 23

The head of the fat molecule

Question 24

What is a fatty acid chain?

Answer 24

The “ tail” of the fat molecule

Question 25

Is phospholipid hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 25

Hydrophilic at the head and hydrophobic at the tail

Question 26

What are proteins made of?

Answer 26

Amino acids

Question 27

How are proteins made?

Answer 27

What amino acids are glued together to form peptide bonds?

Question 28

What functions do proteins perform?

Answer 28

Structure
Making enzymes
Transportation
Defense
Motion

Question 29

What are some examples of proteins?

Answer 29

Rubisco -allows plans to breathe carbon dioxide
Keratin makes up your hair fingernails and skin
Collagen - give structure
Melanin -skin pigment
Hemoglobin allows blood cells to hold oxygen
Myoglobin -lets muscles hold oxygen
Albumin -makes egg white sticky

Question 30

What are the nucleic acids in your body? (Used for storing information)

Answer 30

DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA - ribonucleic acid

Question 31

What bonds together amino acids?

Answer 31

Peptide bonds