Unit 2 Notes Flashcards
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is the definition of energy and what are the kinds?
Energy is the ability to do work
Kinetic energy - energy in motion
Potential energy - stored energy
Radiant energy- energy of electromagnetic waves
Mass
Something that can be influenced by a source
Everything that physically exists comes in the form of what
Mass or energy
Energy is stored in
Bonds
Carbon can bond with up to how many atoms
Four
What are the two major branches in chemistry ?
Organic and inorganic
Organic chemistry is_________ based
Carbon
What kind of bonds does a organic molecule have?
Carbon hydrogen
What is a large molecule called?
Macromolecule
Are macromolecules generally monomers or polymers?
Polymers
Are macromolecules generally monomers or polymers?
Polymers
What are the four classes of biomolecules found in living things?
Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids (fats), nucleic acids
What is it called when two different molecules have the same empirical formula?
Isomers
Hydrolysis
Breaking polymers into monomers
Carbohydrates are made up of what? And what are the examples of each?
Monosaccharides
Glucose-fuel
Fructose- sugar found in fruit
Galactose - an energy source for fuel
Disaccharide
Sucrose- table sugar, made of glucose and fructose
Maltose- malt sugar, made of glucose and glucose
Lactose -milk and sugar made of glucose and galactose
Examples of carbohydrates
Cellulose- structural carbohydrates in plants
Chitin- structural carbohydrate in animals and fungi
Starch- strange polymer for plants
Glycogen- change polymer for animals
What are all four biomolecules’ elements?
Carbohydrates- C, H, O
Lipids - C, H, O
Protein - C, H, O, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Selenium
Nucleic Acids - C, H, O, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
Dehydration synthesis
The formation of polymers by combining monomers
What are carbohydrates made of?
Simple sugars (monosaccharide)
How many monosaccharides make a polysaccharide?
Three or more
What are the four different types of lipids?
Triglycerides - fats (made by animals) and oils (made by plants)
Phospholipids
Steroids
Waxes - a fatty acid bound to a long chain alcohol molecule
Glycerol
The head of the fat molecule
What is a fatty acid chain?
The “ tail” of the fat molecule
Is phospholipid hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
Hydrophilic at the head and hydrophobic at the tail
What are proteins made of?
Amino acids
How are proteins made?
What amino acids are glued together to form peptide bonds?
What functions do proteins perform?
Structure
Making enzymes
Transportation
Defense
Motion
What are some examples of proteins?
Rubisco -allows plans to breathe carbon dioxide
Keratin makes up your hair fingernails and skin
Collagen - give structure
Melanin -skin pigment
Hemoglobin allows blood cells to hold oxygen
Myoglobin -lets muscles hold oxygen
Albumin -makes egg white sticky
What are the nucleic acids in your body? (Used for storing information)
DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA - ribonucleic acid
What bonds together amino acids?
Peptide bonds
