Unit 5 (perception) Flashcards
The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory information, which enables us to recognize meaningful objects and events is known as ___________
Perception
We as humans can only pay attention to a few of the thousands of sensory stimulation going on every second, this fact is known as ______ ______ (**)
Selective Attention
The ability to concentrate on one voice in a sea of many vices that is known as the ________ _______ _______ (*)
Cocktail Party Effect
The Cocktail party effect is due to _______ _______ where you process one aspect of stimulus or problem at a time (*)
Sequential Processing
When you fail to see an object that is in your line of vision we call that ________ _______ (**)
Inattentional Blindness
When you fail to notice that something has changed we call that _______ ______ (**)
Change Blindness
_______ ______ specialize in how we can take many parts and organize them into a “whole” (*)
Gestalt Psychologists
The Gestalt Principal that explains that we organize things based off of what we are concentrating on and what is in the background (**)
Figure/Ground
The Gestalt Principle of organization that talks about how we group things based on how they are grouped together (***)
Proximity
The Gestalt Principle of organization that talks about how we group things based on how similar things are (****)
Similarity
The Gestalt Principle of organization that talks about how we take things that are almost finished and finish them using our mind (shapes) (****)
Closure
Our ______ ______ allows us to judge distances
Depth Perception
Psychological studies done with a ______ ______ (Gibson and Walker) help point to the fact that infants have depth perception as well
Visual Cliff
What does Binocular Cues of Depth Perception include (****)
Any form of Depth perception that involves 2 eyes
A Binocular Cue of Depth Perception that talks about how the retina sends the brain 2 different pictures, and our brain finds differences between the pictures and uses it to find depth
Retinal Disparity
A Binocular Cue of Depth Perception that talks about how as objects move close to our eyes, our eyes move in, and vise versa for something is going out. This sends info to our brain about how close the object is
Convergence
What does the Monocular Cues of Depth Perception include
Forms of depth perception that only use 1 eye
A Monocular Cue of Depth Perception that talks about how if 2 objects look alike, the bigger one will seem closer
Relative Size
A Monocular Cue of Depth Perception that talks about how if an object blocks another object, it’ll seem closer
Interposition
A Monocular Cue of Depth Perception that talks about how clear things seem close and fuzzy things seem far away
Relative Clarity
A Monocular Cue of Depth Perception that talks about how detailed things seem close and non detailed things seem far away
Texture Gradient
A Monocular Cue of Depth Perception that talks about how parallel lines appear to converge in the distance. The closer the lines appear to be the further away it seems
Linear Perspective
Our _____ _____ determines that objects traveling towards us tend to grow in size, while objects moving away tend to shrink
Motion Perception
_______ ______ is an illusion of continuous movement from looking at a rapid series of slightly varying still images
Stroboscopic Movement
When lights flash at a certain speed they tend to present the illusion of motion, this is called _____ ______
Phi Phenomenon
The ______ _______ explains that when is a dark room a still light will seem to move
Autokinetic Effect
Perceiving objects as unchanging even as illuminations and retinal images change is known as _______ _______
Perceptual Consistency
A form of Perceptual Consistency that talks about how the size of objects tend to remain the same no matter how close or far away is called _______ _______
Size Constancy
A form of Perceptual Consistency that talks about how the brightness of an object tends to stay the same in every setting is called ______ ______
Lightness Constancy
A form of Perceptual Consistency that talks about how the color of an object tends to stay the same in every setting is called ______ ______
Color Constancy
A view of perception that states that perception is inborn/nature (*)
Immanuel kant’s (Nature) view of perception
A view of perception that states that perception is learned/nurture (*)
John Lock’s (nurture) view of perception
What 3 things do those with restored vision see (and one for kittens)
1) They could differentiate between figure/ground, but couldn’t distinguish shapes (Vonsenden, 1937)
2) They could recognize distinct features of a face, but couldn’t recognize entire faces
3) Kittens raised without exposure to horizontal lines later had difficulty perceiving horizontal bars (Blakemore + Cooper, 1970)
A visual ability to adjust to an artificially displaced visual field is known as _______ _______ (EX: upside down glasses) (*)
Perceptual Adaptation
When people believe that they had seen the Loch Ness monster they were likely experiencing a ______ _______, where they had a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not the other. (Think of the hidden messages in songs) (**)
Perceptual Set
what are the 2 parts of Shemas on facial recognition
1) children’s shemas for faces develop earlier than other body parts
2) Face schemas are created by distinct features of the face
The ______ of something can effect how you perceive it (**)
Context
If your culture determines what you see that is known as a _______ _______ (**)
Culture Context
______ ______ ______ design machines that assist our natural perceptions
Human Factor Psychologist
Perception without sensory input is called _____ ______. Most claims of this have been disproven in Psychological laboratories
Extrasensory Perception (ESP)
