Unit 10 (Motivation) Flashcards
__________ is a need or desire that energizes a behavior and directs it to a goal
Motivation
What is the explanation of the Instinct Theory (more in animals) (Tinbergen, 1951)
Motivation is something that all organisms are born with
What is the explanation of the Drive-Reduction Theory
You look for homeostasis where all needs are met but not overmet
What is the explanation of the Incentive Theory
Organisms are motivated to have the most excitement possible
What is the explanation of the Sensation Seeking Theory
We pushed by 4 things
1. Experience seeking (new experiences)
2. Thrill/Adventure seeking (exciting)
3. Disinhibition (can’t hold back bad behavior)
4. Boredom Susceptibility (can’t deal with boredom)
What is the explanation of Lewin’s Motivational Theory
(Approach = good)
(Avoidance = bad)
Approach Approach (good v good)
Approach Avoidance (good v bad)
Avoidance Avoidance (bad v bad)
What is the explanation of maslow’s Hierarchy of Motives
Abraham Maslow (1920) suggested that certain needs have priority over others
What are the 5 levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Motives (lowest to highest)
- Physiological needs
- Safety/Security needs
- Belongingness
- Own Self-esteem needs
- Self actualization
What is the Physiology of hunger
Physiological hunger means your body craves food naturally
What are the 4 things that make you crave food
- Hunger pains (stomach rumbling)
- Low Blood Sugar
- Your Hypothalamus
- Hormones (Ghrelin = hungry, Leptin = full)
The __________ __________ states that your brain will make you hungry when you need food, and will make you feel full when you don’t
Set-point Theory
What is the Psychology of Hunger
Psychological hunger is when you aren’t hungry but your brain is making you want to eat food
What factors play into Psychological hunger
Memory, where you live, and your culture
___________ is a disorder characterized by being excessively overweight
Obesity
What risks can obesity cause
Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, and back problems
___________ is defined as thoughts and actions related to physical attractions to another
Sexuality
Someone who has no sexual attraction to others is _________
Asexual
_______ is your biologically influenced characteristics by which people define: male, female, and intersex
Sex
__________ is defined as attitudes, feelings, and behaviors that a given culture associates with a person’s biological sex (like traits)
Gender
What is associated with XX chromosomes
Female, greater Estrogen
What is associated with XY chromosomes
Male, Greater Testosterone
__________ ________ _______ are changes in puberty that aid in reproduction
Primary Sexual Characteristics
________ ________ _______ are changes in puberty that don’t aid in reproduction
Secondary sexual characteristics
_________ refers to a first menstruation
Menarche
_________ refers to a first ejaculation
Spermarche
What is true about Hormones and Sex
Heightened hormones (like testosterone) can show heightened sexual motivations. Those feelings can also be heightened by external stimulus (pictures)
_________ ________ refers to a person’s preference for emotional and sexual relationships with individuals of the same sex (homosexuality), the other sex (heterosexuality), either sex (Bisexuality), or to no sex (asexual)
Sexual Orientation
What is true about sexual orientation
Homosexuality is 3.4% in male and 1-2% in women and research has been done to show both nature and nurture influences. But currently nature seems to have a bigger influence
What research shows that nature has effects on homosexuality
- homosexuality is in animals
- Brain structures tends to look different between straight and gay men
- multiple things suggest homo. is due to genetics
- homo. seems to run in families
- homo. is more common in fraternal twins than maternal twins
- genetic engineers can make fruit flies homo.
- prenatal hormones can effect sexual orientation
What is true about Belongingness
- Your affiliation need is your need to belong
- Evolutionary psychologists believe that our need to be around others aided in our survival (protection, finding food, reproduction
- having friends can help mental health (the opposite is also the same)
What are the 3 parts of the Self Determinationt Theory
Competence (feel we can deal with our environment)
Autonomy ( feel we have self control)
Relatedness (we feel close bonds with others)
What are the 3 types of works
- Job (work for money)
- career (work to move up social ladder)
- calling (working for fulfilment)
The term _________ refers to an immersion of one’s work, a good balance between no work and a lot of work
flow
the _________ _______ says moderate arousal is best to excel at tasks
Yerkes-Dodson Law
An ___________________ _____________ applies psychological principles to the work place
Industrial-organizational psychologist
What do personnel psychologist do
They work with companies to hire the right employees for jobs
People often think they are better at giving interviews and hiring the right people than they actually are, this is known as the __________ ________
interviewer illusion
A __________ ________ is where you scripty all of your interview questions, score on a rubric, and hire the highest scorer (helps reduce bias)
Structured Interview
What do Organizational Psychologist do
They work to motivate employees someone already has and they work with employees to set reachable goals
What is achievement motivation
When workers want to do well in their jobs (grit, passion, perserverence)
__________ _________ happens when employees feel like they are important and a valuable part of the business
Employee engagement
_______ ________ is when a manager tells employees exactly what needs to get done, and how to do it (Ex: Psych teacher)
Task leadership
________ ________ is when managers work more on group harmony. They let their workers troubleshoot their own solutions to problems, and take responsibility for their own work (art teachers)
Social Leadership
_________ ________ _______ are concerned with developing products that are user friendly and safe for humans to use
Human Factor Psychologists
