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AP Psychology > Unit 10 (Motivation) > Flashcards

Unit 10 (Motivation) Flashcards

1
Q

__________ is a need or desire that energizes a behavior and directs it to a goal

A

Motivation

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2
Q

What is the explanation of the Instinct Theory (more in animals) (Tinbergen, 1951)

A

Motivation is something that all organisms are born with

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3
Q

What is the explanation of the Drive-Reduction Theory

A

You look for homeostasis where all needs are met but not overmet

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4
Q

What is the explanation of the Incentive Theory

A

Organisms are motivated to have the most excitement possible

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5
Q

What is the explanation of the Sensation Seeking Theory

A

We pushed by 4 things
1. Experience seeking (new experiences)
2. Thrill/Adventure seeking (exciting)
3. Disinhibition (can’t hold back bad behavior)
4. Boredom Susceptibility (can’t deal with boredom)

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6
Q

What is the explanation of Lewin’s Motivational Theory
(Approach = good)
(Avoidance = bad)

A

Approach Approach (good v good)
Approach Avoidance (good v bad)
Avoidance Avoidance (bad v bad)

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7
Q

What is the explanation of maslow’s Hierarchy of Motives

A

Abraham Maslow (1920) suggested that certain needs have priority over others

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8
Q

What are the 5 levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Motives (lowest to highest)

A
  1. Physiological needs
  2. Safety/Security needs
  3. Belongingness
  4. Own Self-esteem needs
  5. Self actualization
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9
Q

What is the Physiology of hunger

A

Physiological hunger means your body craves food naturally

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10
Q

What are the 4 things that make you crave food

A
  1. Hunger pains (stomach rumbling)
  2. Low Blood Sugar
  3. Your Hypothalamus
  4. Hormones (Ghrelin = hungry, Leptin = full)
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11
Q

The __________ __________ states that your brain will make you hungry when you need food, and will make you feel full when you don’t

A

Set-point Theory

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12
Q

What is the Psychology of Hunger

A

Psychological hunger is when you aren’t hungry but your brain is making you want to eat food

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13
Q

What factors play into Psychological hunger

A

Memory, where you live, and your culture

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14
Q

___________ is a disorder characterized by being excessively overweight

A

Obesity

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15
Q

What risks can obesity cause

A

Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, and back problems

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16
Q

___________ is defined as thoughts and actions related to physical attractions to another

A

Sexuality

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17
Q

Someone who has no sexual attraction to others is _________

A

Asexual

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18
Q

_______ is your biologically influenced characteristics by which people define: male, female, and intersex

19
Q

__________ is defined as attitudes, feelings, and behaviors that a given culture associates with a person’s biological sex (like traits)

20
Q

What is associated with XX chromosomes

A

Female, greater Estrogen

21
Q

What is associated with XY chromosomes

A

Male, Greater Testosterone

22
Q

__________ ________ _______ are changes in puberty that aid in reproduction

A

Primary Sexual Characteristics

23
Q

________ ________ _______ are changes in puberty that don’t aid in reproduction

A

Secondary sexual characteristics

24
Q

_________ refers to a first menstruation

25
_________ refers to a first ejaculation
Spermarche
26
What is true about Hormones and Sex
Heightened hormones (like testosterone) can show heightened sexual motivations. Those feelings can also be heightened by external stimulus (pictures)
27
_________ ________ refers to a person's preference for emotional and sexual relationships with individuals of the same sex (homosexuality), the other sex (heterosexuality), either sex (Bisexuality), or to no sex (asexual)
Sexual Orientation
28
What is true about sexual orientation
Homosexuality is 3.4% in male and 1-2% in women and research has been done to show both nature and nurture influences. But currently nature seems to have a bigger influence
29
What research shows that nature has effects on homosexuality
1. homosexuality is in animals 2. Brain structures tends to look different between straight and gay men 3. multiple things suggest homo. is due to genetics 4. homo. seems to run in families 5. homo. is more common in fraternal twins than maternal twins 6. genetic engineers can make fruit flies homo. 7. prenatal hormones can effect sexual orientation
30
What is true about Belongingness
1. Your affiliation need is your need to belong 2. Evolutionary psychologists believe that our need to be around others aided in our survival (protection, finding food, reproduction 3. having friends can help mental health (the opposite is also the same)
31
What are the 3 parts of the Self Determinationt Theory
Competence (feel we can deal with our environment) Autonomy ( feel we have self control) Relatedness (we feel close bonds with others)
32
What are the 3 types of works
1. Job (work for money) 2. career (work to move up social ladder) 3. calling (working for fulfilment)
33
The term _________ refers to an immersion of one's work, a good balance between no work and a lot of work
flow
34
the _________ _______ says moderate arousal is best to excel at tasks
Yerkes-Dodson Law
35
An ___________________ _____________ applies psychological principles to the work place
Industrial-organizational psychologist
36
What do personnel psychologist do
They work with companies to hire the right employees for jobs
37
People often think they are better at giving interviews and hiring the right people than they actually are, this is known as the __________ ________
interviewer illusion
38
A __________ ________ is where you scripty all of your interview questions, score on a rubric, and hire the highest scorer (helps reduce bias)
Structured Interview
39
What do Organizational Psychologist do
They work to motivate employees someone already has and they work with employees to set reachable goals
40
What is achievement motivation
When workers want to do well in their jobs (grit, passion, perserverence)
41
__________ _________ happens when employees feel like they are important and a valuable part of the business
Employee engagement
42
_______ ________ is when a manager tells employees exactly what needs to get done, and how to do it (Ex: Psych teacher)
Task leadership
43
________ ________ is when managers work more on group harmony. They let their workers troubleshoot their own solutions to problems, and take responsibility for their own work (art teachers)
Social Leadership
44
_________ ________ _______ are concerned with developing products that are user friendly and safe for humans to use
Human Factor Psychologists

AP Psychology (14 decks)

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