Unit 5 Part 2 Flashcards
upper limit of right hemidiaphragm?
4th interspace
higher than left because of the liver
upper limit of left hemidiaphragm?
5th Rib.
Where does right crus of diaphragm attach?
body of L4
Where does left crus of diaphragm attach?
body of L3
what creates aortic hiatus? (median diaphragmatic aperture)
and at what level is aortic hiatus?
attachments of right and left crus to body of L4 and L3
T12
Where do medial arcuate liagaments of diaphragm attach?
L1-L2
Where do lateral arcuate ligaments of diaphragm attach?
L1-12th rib
what do medial and lateral arcuate ligaments cross over the top of?
psoas major muscle
What level is esophageal hiatus?
T10
What is common site of hiatal hernia?
esophageal hiatus
Hiatal hernia
when stomach goes up into thorax
Can cause a lot of pain
pain is worse when supine, better when standing or sitting
Where is caval hiatus?
between T8 and T9
What innervates diaphragm?
phrenic nerves
where do phrenic nerves originate?
ventral primary rami C3-C5
Where is the transverse thoracis m.?
lies on post. surface of the anterior thoracic wall.
Where does transverse thoracis m. insert?
Originate?
I: Ribs 2-6
O: Side of sternum
function of transverse thoracis?
Forcefull exhalation
Levatores costarum I/O?
transverse processes and ribs, they are interchangeable depending on the movement
Levatores costarum function?
inhalation
Function of serratus post. sup. muscle?
inhalation
function of serratus post inf. muscle?
forced exhalation
function of ant./middle/post. scalene?
inhalation
Sternocleidomatsoid m. function in breathing?
inhalation
mastoid process - clavicle
What are the subcostales muscles?
modifed innermost intercostals
Seen on Dr. Thomas’s favorite model
where are the subcostales muscles?
ribs 10-12 posteriorly
function of subcostales muscles?
forceful exhalation
Accessory respiration muscles in abdomen? And their function?
Abdominal wall muscles:
rectus abdominis m.
external abdominal oblique
internal abdominal oblique
transversus abdominis
Forcefull exhalation
Which muscles contract during inspiration?
diaphragm, external intercostals
is the pleural space an actual or potential space?
more of a potential space
Name the 4 regional parts of parietal pleura
Costal pleura
diaphragmatic pleura
cervical pleura
mediastinal pleura
Need to identify these on practical exam
Where is parietal pleura boundaries?
2 rib spaces below the lung base
Where is base of lungs?
Midclavicular line: 6th rib
midaxillary line: 8th rib
paravertebral line: 10th rib
How does parietal pleura cover the apex of lungs?
tightly
At what level do you perform thoracentesis?
10th intercostal space or below
Always go over the top of the rib
What allows lung to expand during inhalation?
parietal pleura/lung mismatch
Where does apex of lungs sit?
1 inch above the clavicle
Where is ariway in right lung in relation to pulmonary artery?
Epiarterial
Where is airway in left lung in relation to pulmonary artery?
hypoarterial
Specific features of Left lung?
aortic impression (aortic arch and descending aorta)
cardiac impression
Cardiac notch
Specific features of Right lung?
Esophageal impression
impression Arch - Azygos vein
How are lungs divided?
into lobes separated by fissures
How are the lung lobes divided?
Into bronchopulmonary segments separated by fibrous septum
How many broncho pulmonary segements of right lung?
10
how many broncho pulmonary segments of left lung?
8
Where is apical broncho pulmonary segment?
top of right lung
Where is apico-posterior broncho pulmonary segment?
top of left lung
Where is antero medial basal broncho pulmonary segment
bottom medial of lower lobe of left lung
Origin of right bronchial artery?
off of the 3rd post. intercostal arteries
origin of both left bronchial arteries?
Aortic arch
How many bronchial arteries?
3 total, 1 right and 2 left
