Unit 5 Part 2

Question 1

upper limit of right hemidiaphragm?

Answer 1

4th interspace
higher than left because of the liver

Question 2

upper limit of left hemidiaphragm?

Answer 2

5th Rib.

Question 3

Where does right crus of diaphragm attach?

Answer 3

body of L4

Question 4

Where does left crus of diaphragm attach?

Answer 4

body of L3

Question 5

what creates aortic hiatus? (median diaphragmatic aperture)

and at what level is aortic hiatus?

Answer 5

attachments of right and left crus to body of L4 and L3

T12

Question 6

Where do medial arcuate liagaments of diaphragm attach?

Answer 6

L1-L2

Question 7

Where do lateral arcuate ligaments of diaphragm attach?

Answer 7

L1-12th rib

Question 8

what do medial and lateral arcuate ligaments cross over the top of?

Answer 8

psoas major muscle

Question 9

What level is esophageal hiatus?

Answer 9

T10

Question 10

What is common site of hiatal hernia?

Answer 10

esophageal hiatus

Question 11

Hiatal hernia

Answer 11

when stomach goes up into thorax

Can cause a lot of pain

pain is worse when supine, better when standing or sitting

Question 12

Where is caval hiatus?

Answer 12

between T8 and T9

Question 13

What innervates diaphragm?

Answer 13

phrenic nerves

Question 14

where do phrenic nerves originate?

Answer 14

ventral primary rami C3-C5

Question 15

Where is the transverse thoracis m.?

Answer 15

lies on post. surface of the anterior thoracic wall.

Question 16

Where does transverse thoracis m. insert?

Originate?

Answer 16

I: Ribs 2-6

O: Side of sternum

Question 17

function of transverse thoracis?

Answer 17

Forcefull exhalation

Question 18

Levatores costarum I/O?

Answer 18

transverse processes and ribs, they are interchangeable depending on the movement

Question 19

Levatores costarum function?

Answer 19

inhalation

Question 20

Function of serratus post. sup. muscle?

Answer 20

inhalation

Question 21

function of serratus post inf. muscle?

Answer 21

forced exhalation

Question 22

function of ant./middle/post. scalene?

Answer 22

inhalation

Question 23

Sternocleidomatsoid m. function in breathing?

Answer 23

inhalation

mastoid process - clavicle

Question 24

What are the subcostales muscles?

Answer 24

modifed innermost intercostals

Seen on Dr. Thomas’s favorite model

Question 25

where are the subcostales muscles?

Answer 25

ribs 10-12 posteriorly

Question 26

function of subcostales muscles?

Answer 26

forceful exhalation

Question 27

Accessory respiration muscles in abdomen? And their function?

Answer 27

Abdominal wall muscles: rectus abdominis m. external abdominal oblique internal abdominal oblique transversus abdominis Forcefull exhalation

Question 28

Which muscles contract during inspiration?

Answer 28

diaphragm, external intercostals

Question 29

is the pleural space an actual or potential space?

Answer 29

more of a potential space

Question 30

Name the 4 regional parts of parietal pleura

Answer 30

Costal pleura diaphragmatic pleura cervical pleura mediastinal pleura Need to identify these on practical exam

Question 31

Where is parietal pleura boundaries?

Answer 31

2 rib spaces below the lung base

Question 32

Where is base of lungs?

Answer 32

Midclavicular line: 6th rib midaxillary line: 8th rib paravertebral line: 10th rib

Question 33

How does parietal pleura cover the apex of lungs?

Answer 33

tightly

Question 34

At what level do you perform thoracentesis?

Answer 34

10th intercostal space or below Always go over the top of the rib

Question 35

What allows lung to expand during inhalation?

Answer 35

parietal pleura/lung mismatch

Question 36

Where does apex of lungs sit?

Answer 36

1 inch above the clavicle

Question 37

Where is ariway in right lung in relation to pulmonary artery?

Answer 37

Epiarterial

Question 38

Where is airway in left lung in relation to pulmonary artery?

Answer 38

hypoarterial

Question 39

Specific features of Left lung?

Answer 39

aortic impression (aortic arch and descending aorta) cardiac impression Cardiac notch

Question 40

Specific features of Right lung?

Answer 40

Esophageal impression impression Arch - Azygos vein

Question 41

How are lungs divided?

Answer 41

into lobes separated by fissures

Question 42

How are the lung lobes divided?

Answer 42

Into bronchopulmonary segments separated by fibrous septum

Question 43

How many broncho pulmonary segements of right lung?

Answer 43

10

Question 44

how many broncho pulmonary segments of left lung?

Answer 44

8

Question 45

Where is apical broncho pulmonary segment?

Answer 45

top of right lung

Question 46

Where is apico-posterior broncho pulmonary segment?

Answer 46

top of left lung

Question 47

Where is antero medial basal broncho pulmonary segment

Answer 47

bottom medial of lower lobe of left lung

Question 48

Origin of right bronchial artery?

Answer 48

off of the 3rd post. intercostal arteries

Question 49

origin of both left bronchial arteries?

Answer 49

Aortic arch

Question 50

How many bronchial arteries?

Answer 50

3 total, 1 right and 2 left