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Brandon’s Anatomy Flash Cards > Test 4 Part 1 > Flashcards

Test 4 Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is center of gravity?

A

Sacral promontory

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2
Q

Primary curvatures?

A

Thoracic and sacral

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3
Q

secondary curvatures?

A

cervical and lumbar

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4
Q

when does cervical curvature starte to form?

A

3-4 months

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5
Q

when does lumbar curvature start to form?

A

10-12 months

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6
Q

vertebral column length?

A

72-75cm
28.8”-30”

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7
Q

how many cervial vertebrae?

A

7

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8
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae?

A

12

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9
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae?

A

5

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10
Q

how many sacral vertebrae?

A

5 (fused)

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11
Q

how many coccygeal vertebrae?

A

4 (fused)

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12
Q

What form articulations of the neural arches?

A

Facet joints

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13
Q

What type of joints are facet joints?

A

Gliding or plane joints

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14
Q

Spondylolysis

A

partial or complete fracture of pars articularis. Not always painful

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15
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

fracture of pars articularis with vertebral displacement. For sure painful

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16
Q

superior and inferior articular notches join together to form?

A

intervertebral foramen
This is where nerve roots exit
There are 2, one on each side

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17
Q

vertebral artery passes through which triangle?

A

suboccipital triangle

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18
Q

uncinate processes function?

A

help cervical vertebrae C3-C7 interlock and prevent them from sliding off of eachother

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19
Q

Which part of the spine is the most flexible?

A

cervical spine

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20
Q

rib # correlates to which vertebrae?

A

lower vertebrae

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21
Q

how does thoracic portion of vertebral column move?

A

as a unit

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22
Q

how does lumbar portion of vertebral column move?

A

individually

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23
Q

lumbar vertebrae facets in which plane?

A

semi sagittal plane.

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24
Q

location of mammillary processes?

A

superior articular processes

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25
Q

location of accessory processes

A

base - transverse processes

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26
Q

describe lumbar spinous processes

A

short and stubby

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27
Q

how many sacral foramina?

A

4 pairs

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28
Q

How many fused segments in coccyx?

A

4

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29
Q

Vertebral Joint types:

A
  1. Cartilaginous joints
  2. synovial joints (gliding)
  3. Atlantoaxial joint (pivot)
  4. atlantoccipital joint (condyloid) (more of a hinge joint)
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30
Q

Cartilaginous joints of vertebral column formed by?

A

intervertebral discs

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31
Q

Where does PLL start?

A

clivus

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32
Q

Which way to people lean with disc herniation?

A

opposite side to take pressure off the nerve root

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33
Q

Name the vertebral ligaments of the neural arch

A

supraspinous ligaments
ligamentum nuchae
interspinous ligament
intertransverse ligaments
ligamentum flavum

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34
Q

Atlantooccipital joint movement?

A

rock back and forth on atlas (C1) facets

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35
Q

Atlantoaxial joint movement?

A

atlas pivots right and left

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36
Q

Parts of the atlas

A

ant./post. arch
ant./post. tubercles

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37
Q

Kyphosis

A

hunchback

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38
Q

lordosis

A

increased lumbar curvature. Sprinters booty

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39
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral curvature of the spine

Can cause perceived differences in limb length even though they are actually the same length.

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40
Q

Where does great saphenous vein terminate?

A

femoral triangle

41
Q

Borders of femoral triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament
Sartorius m.
adductor longus m.

42
Q

Inguinal ligament runs from?

A

ASIS to public tubercle

43
Q

Femoral triangle floor?

A

pectineus m.
iliopsoas m.

44
Q

Iliopsoas origin/insertion

A

O: Iliacus and Psoas major
I: Lesser trochanter

45
Q

Femoral triangle contents

A

(lateral to medial)
Fem. nerve
Fem. artery
Fem. Vein
empty space (femoral canal)
about 10 superficial lymph nodes
3-5 deep inguinal lymph nodes with
cloquet’s lymph node (largest in
body)
Lacunar ligament

46
Q

Fem triangle contents pnuemonic

A

NAVELL (lateral to medial)
nerve
artery
vein
empty space
lymph nodes
lacunar ligament

47
Q

What forms the femoral ring?

A

femoral vein
lacunar ligament

48
Q

entrance to femoral canal?

A

femoral ring

49
Q

Where does femoral hernia occur?

A

femoral canal

50
Q

longest vein in the body?

A

Great saphenous vein
also used for bypass procedures

51
Q

Where does great saphenous vein start?

A

medial dorsum of foot - dorsal venous arch

52
Q

which side of medial malleolus does great saphenous vein pass?

A

Anterior

53
Q

Where does great saphenous vein empty?

A

Femoral vein

54
Q

Which direction does adductor canal carry vessels?

A

Medial/posterior direction

55
Q

Other names for adductor canal?

A

Hunters canal
subsartorial canal

56
Q

Adductor Hiatus

A

opening in tendon of adductor magnus m. allowing fem. artery and vein to pass from ant. thigh to post. knee.

This is where fem artery/vein change names to popliteal artery/vein

57
Q

Boundaries of popliteal fossa

A

Semitendinosus/Semimembranosus m.
Biceps femoris m.
plantaris/lateral head gastrocnemius
medial head gastrocnemius

58
Q

Floor of popliteal fossa?

A

popliteus muscle

59
Q

popliteus m. function?

A

unlock knee joint for knee flexion

60
Q

tibial nerve in relation to medial malleolus?

A

behind

61
Q

Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve runs with?

A

Ant. tibial artery then Dorsalis pedis artery

62
Q

Sural nerve in relation to lateral malleolus?

A

behind

63
Q

Distal continuation of femoral nerve?

A

saphenous nerve ant.

64
Q

longest nerve in the body?

A

saphenous nerve

65
Q

What nerve runs with greater saphenous vein?

A

saphenous nerve

66
Q

Does saphenous nerve enter adductor canal?

A

yes

67
Q

does saphenous nerve exit adductor canal through the adductor hiatus?

A

no

68
Q

What supplies gen sensation to medial ankle and foot?

A

saphenous nerve

69
Q

Branches of Tibial nerve?

A

lateral plantar nerve
medial plantar nerve
calcaneal branch

70
Q

Branches of Sural nerve

A

lateral dorsal sural cutaneous nerve

71
Q

Branches of superficial peroneal nerve

A

medial dorsal cutaneous nerve
intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve

72
Q

Branches of saphenous nerve

A

infrapatellar branch of saphenous nerve

73
Q

Actions of intermediate and deep back muscles?

A

extend, rotate, and stabalize vertebrae

74
Q

Intermediate and deep back muscle innervation?

A

motor branches of dorsal primary rami in segmental fashion

75
Q

Spinal nerve splits into?

A

Dorsal and Ventral Primary rami

76
Q

Dorsal primary rami splits into?

A

Medial and lateral branches

77
Q

Medial branch of dorsal primary rami function?

A

mostly sensory

78
Q

lateral branch of dorsal primary rami function?

A

mostly motor

79
Q

Erector Spinae m. made up of?

A

“I love Sex”
Iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis

80
Q

Parts of Iliocostalis m.?

A

Cervicis
Thoracis
Lumborum

81
Q

parts of Longissimus m.?

A

Capitis
Cervicis
Thoracis

82
Q

Parts of Spinalis m.?

A

Capitis
Cervicis
Thoracis

83
Q

what muscles belong to group of intermediate back muscles?

A

Erector spinae muscles
Iliocostalis m.
Longissimus m.
Spinalis m.

84
Q

Deep back muscles

A

Transversospinalis muscles

85
Q

O/I of transversospinalis muscles?

A

O: Transverse process
I: Spinous process

86
Q

Transversospinalis muscles

A

From superficial to deep:
Semispinalis
Multifidius
Rotatores

87
Q

Semispinalis muscles

A

Cross 4-6 vertebral segments
Thoracis
Cervicis
Capitis

88
Q

Multifidus m.

A

Cross 2-4 vertebral segments
Sacralis
Lumborum (easiest to see bc biggest)
Thoracis
Cervicis

“Multifidus cervicis m.”

89
Q

Rotatores m.

A

Cross 1-2 vertebral segments
Brevis (cross 1)/Longus (cross 2)
Sacralis
Lumborum
Thoracis (easiest to see)
Cervicis

“Rotatores sacralis m.”

90
Q

Minor deep back muscles

A

Intertransversii
Interspinales
Levatores Costarum

91
Q

Intertransversii and Interspinales muscles have which two groups?

A

Cevical and Lumbar

92
Q

Levatores costarum are found in which portion of back?

A

Thoracic region only

93
Q

Action of levatores costarum m.

A

Stabalize ribs
lift ribs to help inhale

I/O depends on which action.

if elevating ribs transverse process is origin and ribs are insertion. Vice versa for rib stabaliziation

94
Q

Deep neck muscles

A

From superficial to deep:

upper trapezius
splenius capitis
Splenius cervicis
semispinalis capitis
semispinalis cervicis m.

95
Q

Note which attachment of semispinalis cervicis m.?

A

spinous process of C2

96
Q

What is deep to semispinalis capitis muscle?

A

suboccpital triangle

97
Q

Suboccipital triangle borders?

A

Rectus capitis posterior major m.
recuts capitis posterior minor m.
superior oblique capitis m.
inferior oblique capitis m.

98
Q

Suboccipital triangle contents?

A

Vertebral Artery
suboccipital nerve ( dorsal primary rami of C1)
posterior bony arch of C1
Greater occipital nerve

Brandon’s Anatomy Flash Cards (20 decks)

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