Test 4 Part 1 Flashcards
Where is center of gravity?
Sacral promontory
Primary curvatures?
Thoracic and sacral
secondary curvatures?
cervical and lumbar
when does cervical curvature starte to form?
3-4 months
when does lumbar curvature start to form?
10-12 months
vertebral column length?
72-75cm
28.8”-30”
how many cervial vertebrae?
7
how many thoracic vertebrae?
12
how many lumbar vertebrae?
5
how many sacral vertebrae?
5 (fused)
how many coccygeal vertebrae?
4 (fused)
What form articulations of the neural arches?
Facet joints
What type of joints are facet joints?
Gliding or plane joints
Spondylolysis
partial or complete fracture of pars articularis. Not always painful
Spondylolisthesis
fracture of pars articularis with vertebral displacement. For sure painful
superior and inferior articular notches join together to form?
intervertebral foramen
This is where nerve roots exit
There are 2, one on each side
vertebral artery passes through which triangle?
suboccipital triangle
uncinate processes function?
help cervical vertebrae C3-C7 interlock and prevent them from sliding off of eachother
Which part of the spine is the most flexible?
cervical spine
rib # correlates to which vertebrae?
lower vertebrae
how does thoracic portion of vertebral column move?
as a unit
how does lumbar portion of vertebral column move?
individually
lumbar vertebrae facets in which plane?
semi sagittal plane.
location of mammillary processes?
superior articular processes
location of accessory processes
base - transverse processes
describe lumbar spinous processes
short and stubby
how many sacral foramina?
4 pairs
How many fused segments in coccyx?
4
Vertebral Joint types:
- Cartilaginous joints
- synovial joints (gliding)
- Atlantoaxial joint (pivot)
- atlantoccipital joint (condyloid) (more of a hinge joint)
Cartilaginous joints of vertebral column formed by?
intervertebral discs
Where does PLL start?
clivus
Which way to people lean with disc herniation?
opposite side to take pressure off the nerve root
Name the vertebral ligaments of the neural arch
supraspinous ligaments
ligamentum nuchae
interspinous ligament
intertransverse ligaments
ligamentum flavum
Atlantooccipital joint movement?
rock back and forth on atlas (C1) facets
Atlantoaxial joint movement?
atlas pivots right and left
Parts of the atlas
ant./post. arch
ant./post. tubercles
Kyphosis
hunchback
lordosis
increased lumbar curvature. Sprinters booty
scoliosis
lateral curvature of the spine
Can cause perceived differences in limb length even though they are actually the same length.
Where does great saphenous vein terminate?
femoral triangle
Borders of femoral triangle?
Inguinal ligament
Sartorius m.
adductor longus m.
Inguinal ligament runs from?
ASIS to public tubercle
Femoral triangle floor?
pectineus m.
iliopsoas m.
Iliopsoas origin/insertion
O: Iliacus and Psoas major
I: Lesser trochanter
Femoral triangle contents
(lateral to medial)
Fem. nerve
Fem. artery
Fem. Vein
empty space (femoral canal)
about 10 superficial lymph nodes
3-5 deep inguinal lymph nodes with
cloquet’s lymph node (largest in
body)
Lacunar ligament
Fem triangle contents pnuemonic
NAVELL (lateral to medial)
nerve
artery
vein
empty space
lymph nodes
lacunar ligament
What forms the femoral ring?
femoral vein
lacunar ligament
entrance to femoral canal?
femoral ring
Where does femoral hernia occur?
femoral canal
longest vein in the body?
Great saphenous vein
also used for bypass procedures
Where does great saphenous vein start?
medial dorsum of foot - dorsal venous arch
which side of medial malleolus does great saphenous vein pass?
Anterior
Where does great saphenous vein empty?
Femoral vein
Which direction does adductor canal carry vessels?
Medial/posterior direction
Other names for adductor canal?
Hunters canal
subsartorial canal
Adductor Hiatus
opening in tendon of adductor magnus m. allowing fem. artery and vein to pass from ant. thigh to post. knee.
This is where fem artery/vein change names to popliteal artery/vein
Boundaries of popliteal fossa
Semitendinosus/Semimembranosus m.
Biceps femoris m.
plantaris/lateral head gastrocnemius
medial head gastrocnemius
Floor of popliteal fossa?
popliteus muscle
popliteus m. function?
unlock knee joint for knee flexion
tibial nerve in relation to medial malleolus?
behind
Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve runs with?
Ant. tibial artery then Dorsalis pedis artery
Sural nerve in relation to lateral malleolus?
behind
Distal continuation of femoral nerve?
saphenous nerve ant.
longest nerve in the body?
saphenous nerve
What nerve runs with greater saphenous vein?
saphenous nerve
Does saphenous nerve enter adductor canal?
yes
does saphenous nerve exit adductor canal through the adductor hiatus?
no
What supplies gen sensation to medial ankle and foot?
saphenous nerve
Branches of Tibial nerve?
lateral plantar nerve
medial plantar nerve
calcaneal branch
Branches of Sural nerve
lateral dorsal sural cutaneous nerve
Branches of superficial peroneal nerve
medial dorsal cutaneous nerve
intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve
Branches of saphenous nerve
infrapatellar branch of saphenous nerve
Actions of intermediate and deep back muscles?
extend, rotate, and stabalize vertebrae
Intermediate and deep back muscle innervation?
motor branches of dorsal primary rami in segmental fashion
Spinal nerve splits into?
Dorsal and Ventral Primary rami
Dorsal primary rami splits into?
Medial and lateral branches
Medial branch of dorsal primary rami function?
mostly sensory
lateral branch of dorsal primary rami function?
mostly motor
Erector Spinae m. made up of?
“I love Sex”
Iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis
Parts of Iliocostalis m.?
Cervicis
Thoracis
Lumborum
parts of Longissimus m.?
Capitis
Cervicis
Thoracis
Parts of Spinalis m.?
Capitis
Cervicis
Thoracis
what muscles belong to group of intermediate back muscles?
Erector spinae muscles
Iliocostalis m.
Longissimus m.
Spinalis m.
Deep back muscles
Transversospinalis muscles
O/I of transversospinalis muscles?
O: Transverse process
I: Spinous process
Transversospinalis muscles
From superficial to deep:
Semispinalis
Multifidius
Rotatores
Semispinalis muscles
Cross 4-6 vertebral segments
Thoracis
Cervicis
Capitis
Multifidus m.
Cross 2-4 vertebral segments
Sacralis
Lumborum (easiest to see bc biggest)
Thoracis
Cervicis
“Multifidus cervicis m.”
Rotatores m.
Cross 1-2 vertebral segments
Brevis (cross 1)/Longus (cross 2)
Sacralis
Lumborum
Thoracis (easiest to see)
Cervicis
“Rotatores sacralis m.”
Minor deep back muscles
Intertransversii
Interspinales
Levatores Costarum
Intertransversii and Interspinales muscles have which two groups?
Cevical and Lumbar
Levatores costarum are found in which portion of back?
Thoracic region only
Action of levatores costarum m.
Stabalize ribs
lift ribs to help inhale
I/O depends on which action.
if elevating ribs transverse process is origin and ribs are insertion. Vice versa for rib stabaliziation
Deep neck muscles
From superficial to deep:
upper trapezius
splenius capitis
Splenius cervicis
semispinalis capitis
semispinalis cervicis m.
Note which attachment of semispinalis cervicis m.?
spinous process of C2
What is deep to semispinalis capitis muscle?
suboccpital triangle
Suboccipital triangle borders?
Rectus capitis posterior major m.
recuts capitis posterior minor m.
superior oblique capitis m.
inferior oblique capitis m.
Suboccipital triangle contents?
Vertebral Artery
suboccipital nerve ( dorsal primary rami of C1)
posterior bony arch of C1
Greater occipital nerve
