Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Psychology > Unit 5 Cognition > Flashcards

Unit 5 Cognition Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

memory

A

any indication that learning has persisted over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

flashbulb

A

a big event in you life that creates a strong memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

stages of memory

A

encoding, storage, retrieval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sensory memory

A

immediate recording of sense information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

encoding

A

putting something into memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

automatic processing

A

no work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

effortful processing

A

put work into making a memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

nodes

A

memory files

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ebbinghaus

A

studied memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

rehearsal

A

repeating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

maintenance

A

repeating only to remember for a short time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

elaborate

goes with procedural

A

making associations to covert those into LTM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

procedural

goes with elaborate

A

learned over time, may not remember how they learned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

spacing effect (distribute practice)

A

studying all of the material each time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

serial position effect

A

more likely to remember beginning and end of list, but not the middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

primacy

A

remembering first thing on list or something said

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

receny

A

remembering last thing on list or something said

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

episodic

A

personal memory of your day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

mnemonics

A

memory aids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Method of Loci

A

using location to help you remember

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

eidetic memory

A

photographic memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

✰ declarative memory

A

facts, stories, words, and conversations that can be resolved, aka explicit memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

semantic memory (deep processing)

A

attracting meaning to the memory to keep it in long-term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

shallow processing

A

encoding in basic level based on structure or appearence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

visual encoding

A

making a memory through sight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

acoustic encoding

A

making a memory through sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

chunking

A

put information into manageable units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

hierarchy

A

breaking information down into smaller categories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

working memory

A

short term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Miller 7 +- 2

A

rule that we can hold 5-9 items in short term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

LTP - Long Term Potential

A

the more we do an activity or study the information strengthens the memory more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

stress

A

during a stressful event our memory is strong, but if stress persists, memory weakens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

implicit and explicit

A

implicit memories are automatic, explicit memories take work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

✰ Hippocampus

A

explicit memory, most important part of the brain for memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Amygdala

A

emotional memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

implicit memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Cerebellum

A

balance and coordination, process implicit memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

anterograde

A

after a brain injury, you cannot make any new memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

retrograde

A

after a brain injury you can’t remember your past

40
Q

recognition

A

multiple choice, choosing from a list

41
Q

recall

A

must know the answer without help

42
Q

relearning

A

studying again to learn the material

43
Q

retrieval cues

A

anything that helps you remember an event, person, or thing

44
Q

priming

A

activating retrieval cues

45
Q

deja vu

A

the feeling that you’ve experienced this before

46
Q

mood congruent memory

A

recalling experience that are consistent with your mood

47
Q

state dependent memory

A

recall information easier when you are in the same emotional state as when the info was encoded

48
Q

context dependent memory

A

improved recall of specific episodes of info when context or circumstances were the same as when info encoded

49
Q

forgetting

A

inability to retrieve info due to poor encoding, storage, or removal

50
Q

encoding failure

A

not putting info into memory correctly

51
Q

forgetting curve

A

Ebbinghaus - you cram for a test, but after one hour most of the info is gone

52
Q

✰ proactive interference

A

old info prevents the recall of newer info

53
Q

retroactive interference

A

new info prevents the recall of old info

54
Q

retrieval failure

A

inability to get memory out of storage

55
Q

TOT

A

when you definitely know something but you can’t remember what it’s called

56
Q

repression

A

Froid - when your brain blocks a memory because it causes harm

57
Q

misinformation effect (Elizabeth Loftus)

A

incorporating misleading info into one’s memory of an event

58
Q

source amnesia

A

attributing an event to the wrong source

59
Q

Elizabeth Loftus

A

studies false or constructed memories

60
Q

Algorithms

A

Techniques that are always correct, but may take a while

61
Q

Heuristics

A

Quick thinking, but can be wrong

62
Q

Representative hueristics

A

Judging the likelihood of things or objects in terms of how well they seem to represent or match a particular prototype

63
Q

Availability heuristics

A

Make a decision based on the info you can access at the moment

64
Q

Insight

A

“Aha!” moment

65
Q

Confirmation bias

A

Tendency to search for info that confirms your belief

66
Q

Fixation

A

Stuck on a problem

67
Q

✰ Mental set

A

Tendency to approach a method in a certain way, especially if it has worked before

68
Q

Functional fixedness

A

Tendency to think only of the familiar functions of objects, is a negative

69
Q

definition theory

A

people form a concept of an object by making a mental list

70
Q

divergent thinking

A

multiple ideas to solve a problem

71
Q

convergent thinking

A

one main solution to a problem

72
Q

inductive reasoning

A

moves from a specific instance to generalized conclusions

73
Q

deductive reasoning

A

moves from generalized to specific

74
Q

creativity

A

ability to create unique and valuable ideas

75
Q

subgoals

A

creating separate parts to find a solution

76
Q

overconfidence

A

tendency to overestimate accuracy of beliefs

77
Q

exaggerated fear

A

overreaction after an event

78
Q

framing

A

how an issue is presented to get the answer that you want

79
Q

belief perseverance

A

tendency to cling to a belief in the face of evidence that proves otherwise

80
Q

compensatory model

A

rational decision making with compromise

81
Q

information retrieval

A

problem solving strategy that requires recovery from LTM and is not needed everyday

82
Q

phonomes

A

spoken, writen, or gestured communication

83
Q

morphemes

A

smallest unit of sound with meaning (“m” for meaning)

84
Q

holophrase

A

one word sentence

85
Q

grammar

A

system of rules for language

86
Q

semantics

A

rules by which we derive meaning from language

87
Q

overregulation

A

applying grammatical rules without making exceptions

88
Q

syntax

A

rules for combining words in a grammatically correct way

89
Q

language acculturation

A

the degree a person is socially and psychologically integrated into a new culture and how that impacts their understanding of the language

90
Q

Skinner - Operant

A

children learn language through positive reinforcement

91
Q

Chomsky - innate LAD

A

children are born with the ability to produce languages as long as they’ve been exposed to it

92
Q

critical periods

A

0-7, when language and attachment begin

93
Q

Whorf - Linguistic Determinism

A

language determines how we feel about society and ourselves

94
Q

Images

A

women are better at imagining in pictures and colors

95
Q

mirror neurons

A

imaging a physical activity activates the same brain regions as actually doing the activity

96
Q

body language

A

gestures are a form of communication

97
Q

sign language

A

an official language that children learn like any other language

AP Psychology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions