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AP Psychology > Unit 2 Biological Psychology > Flashcards

Unit 2 Biological Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

sensory/afferent neuron

A

carry info from brain to spinal cord

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2
Q

motor/efferent neuron

A

carries info away from spinal cord

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3
Q

interneurons

A

brain’s internal communication

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4
Q

action potential

A

an electrical charge that makes a neuron fire

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5
Q

depolarization

A

positive ions enter neuron and make it fire

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6
Q

hyperpolarization

A

negative ions enter neuron and make it stop

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7
Q

✰ refractory period

A

after neuron fires it has to recharge before firing again

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8
Q

sodium potassium pumps

A

makes neuron ready to fire

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9
Q

synapse

A

space between neurons (aka synaptic gap)

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10
Q

all or none

A

action potential will always fire at 100%, or not fire at all

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11
Q

frontal lobe

A

in charge of judgement, reasoning, decision-making

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12
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

in charge of understanding language

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13
Q

pituitary gland

A

master gland in charge of growth

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14
Q

temporal lobe

A

in charge of hearing

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15
Q

Pons

A

in charge of sleep, and connecting back of brain to the front

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16
Q

Medulla Oblengata

A

automatic functions

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17
Q

Sensory Cortex

A

sensation

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18
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

sensation

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19
Q

corpus callosum

A

connects both hemispheres, where seizures happen

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20
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

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21
Q

cerebellum

A

balance and cordination

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22
Q

brain stem

A

connects brain to spinal cord

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23
Q

pineal gland

A

melatonin

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24
Q

thyroid

A

metabolism

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25
Q

kidney

A

filters blood

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26
Q

testes

A

sperm

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27
Q

thalamus

A

sending messages

28
Q

adrenal gland

A

adrenaline

29
Q

gonads

A

sex organs

30
Q

acetylcholine (ACh)

A

enables muscle action, learning, memory

31
Q

dopamine

A

pleasure. influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion.

32
Q

serotonin

A

happiness

33
Q

norepinepherine

A

adrenaline. Helps control alertness and arousal. Undersupply can depress mood.

34
Q

GABA (gamma - aminobutyric acid)

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitter (slows things down)

35
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitatory neurotransmitter, involved in memory.

36
Q

endorphins

A

natural painkillers

37
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical that travels through neuron

38
Q

Reuptake

A

After neuron has taken neurotransmitter, any remaining chemicals are re-absorbed by the sending neuron

39
Q

Lock and Key Mechanism

A

when the sending and receiving neurons are identical

40
Q

Agonist

A

The neurotransmitter is close enough to a match that a neuron accepts it

41
Q

Antagonist

A

Blocks neuron from accepting the neurotransmitter

42
Q

Nerves

A

Multiple neurons

43
Q

Glial cells

A

aka glue cells, support, nourish, and protect neurons

44
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Sex, hunger, thirst

45
Q

Visual agnosia

A

When you fail to recognize objects, persons, or color

46
Q

Face blindness

A

Inability to recognize people’s faces

47
Q

Association Area

A

Parts of the brain that are unknown

48
Q

Plasticity

A

Brains ability to modify itself after some type of injury or illness

49
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

connects both hemispheres, where seizures happen

50
Q

In what disease is PCh low?

A

Alzheimer’s

51
Q

Excess dopamine leads to what disease?

A

Schizophrenia

52
Q

Too little dopamine is linked to what disorder?

A

Parkinson’s

53
Q

Under supply of serotonin leads to what?

A

Depression

54
Q

Too little GABA leads to what?

A

seizures, tremors, and insomnia.

55
Q

Too much glutamate linked to…

A

migraines and seizures

56
Q

aphasia

A

impairment of language caused by damage to Broca’s area of Wernicke’s area

57
Q

sympathetic

A

spends energy

58
Q

parasympathetic

A

mends energy

59
Q

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

detects electrical activity in neurons

60
Q

Magnetoencephalography (MEG)

A

records magnetic fields from brains

61
Q

CT scan

A

generates images to locate brain damage

62
Q

MRI

A

to visualize brain structure

63
Q

fMRI

A

an MRI while the person is doing a task

64
Q

Broca’s Area

A

producing speech

65
Q

motor cortex

A

moving muscles

AP Psychology (9 decks)

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