Personality Flashcards
personality
an individual’s characteristic pattern
Freud
founder of psychonalysis
Unconscious mind
thoughts wishes feelings, and memories you aren’t aware of; under the surface
Free association
“lay on the couch and say whatever you want”
Dream analysis
used in psychoanalysis, not accurate
Manifest
what we remember from the dream
Latent
the meaning of the dream
Id
is the pressure principle, do what you want irrespective of people’s feelings
Ego
reality principle
Superego
morality principle
Libido
sexual desire
Oedipus complex
boy’s desire for mother makes them compete w/ father
Electra complex
girl’s desire for father makes them compete with mother
identification
copying the behavior of same-gender parent
Terror management theory
death related anxiety
Neo-freudian
new branch, de-emphasize sex, focus on unconscious mind
Jung
focus on group thought
Collective unconscious
everyone is born with a set of beliefs, myths, and images
Personal unconscious
painful memories people do not want to confront
Anima
female side
Animus
male side
shadow
evil side
persona
face we show public
Adler
neo-freudian who came up with inferiority complex
Inferiority complex
motivation is not sex, but the desire to do better than those around us
Fictional finalism
Many people live by ideals that have no relationship to society
Horney
Neofreudian
Penis envy(Freud)/womb envy(Horney)
Jealous of man’s penis/woman’s ability to have a child
Chodorow
Mother is the center of the creation of a person’s ego
Projective test
Taking your feelings and putting it into a picture or assessment
TAT
Using pictures for a patient to tell their story
Rorschach ink blot
Pictures that are supposed to identify inner feelings
Validity
Predicts what it is supposed to
Reliability
Yields consistent results
Personal construct theory
People interpret the world and behave to match the interpretation
Humanistic perspective
You trying to be your best possible self
Rogers
founder of humanistic psych
Maslow
hierarchy of needs (SEBSP)
Self actualization
fulfilling your potential
unconditional positive regard (Rogers)
attitude of complete acceptance despite failures
congruency
when your true self, ideal self, and self image all correspond
real vs ideal self
who you are vs. who you want to become
life story approach
your unique story shapes your personality
Trait perspective
people have 1 dominant trait
Mer’s=Briggs
personality inventory/test
Cattell
16 personality factor (handout)
Factor analysis
using statistics to cluster personality traits
Eysenck
trait wheel (handout)
Personality inventories
questionnaire to predict personality traits
MMPI
most widely used personality inventory, 500 T/F questions
Big Five factor
handout
person-situation controversy
situations can change our personality traits
Walter Mischel
situations determine how people react
Attribution theory
how we explain each others behaviors
Dispositional (part of AT)
how we explain other’s behavior
Situational (part of AT)
explain behavior bc of situation
expressive style
body language often indicates personality traits
Social cognitive perspective
combination of environment + thinking determines personality
Reciprocal determinisim
3 factors - behavior, cognition, and environment determine each other, impact our personality
External locus of control
belief that God/fate determines destiny
internal locus of control
you control your destiny
Martin Seligman
founder of positive psychology
positive psychology
giving people tools to help them thrive
Spotlight effect
perception that everyone is watching you even if they aren’t
self reference effect
individuals have better memory if they’ve experienced it personally in any way
self serving bias
when we succeed we take credit, when we fail we blame others
