Unit 1 "Intro to Psychology and Research Methods"

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

Scientific study of behavior and thinking

Question 2

Biopsychosocial

Answer 2

Explains that everything in life is simultaneously biological, psychological, and social

Question 3

Father of psychology, opened the first ever psychology lab

Answer 3

Wundt

Question 4

Wundt idea of presenting stimulus to get a reaction. not always the best because people will lie on the test

Answer 4

Introspection

Question 5

wrote first psych textbook, looked at how and why things function in our lives

Answer 5

James

Question 6

first female president of APA (American Psychology Association)

Answer 6

Calkins

Question 7

first woman to get a PhD. in Psych

Answer 7

Washburn

Question 8

first president of APA

Answer 8

Hall

Question 9

correctly believed that mental illness is biological, fought for rights of mentally ill, especially regarding asylums. set up humane houses for them

Answer 9

Dix

Question 10

gestalt

Answer 10

means to examine the whole person

Question 11

psychoanalysis

Answer 11

by Froid, weights conscious and unconscious elements for analysis

Question 12

Watson

Answer 12

father of behavioralism

Question 13

Skinner

Answer 13

used reinforcement (rewards) to increase good behavior

Question 14

eclectic

Answer 14

drawing from many concepts. modern psychologists use this principle

Question 15

Biopsychology

Answer 15

uses genes, hormones, and neurotransmitters to explain behavior

Question 16

Evolutionary

Answer 16

survival of the fittest

Question 17

cognitive

Answer 17

related to thinking

Question 18

humanistic

Answer 18

Founders: Maslow, Rogers; believes that all people have potential, some just choose not to use it

Question 19

social-cognitive

Answer 19

think of the bobo doll. how social experiences change the way people think and act

Question 20

developmental

Answer 20

how a person changes over time

Question 21

educational psychologists

Answer 21

work in school districts (NOT counselors) to help mentally disabled students.

Question 22

positive psychology

Answer 22

study of what helps people thrive

Question 23

psychometrics

Answer 23

using data to help understand people. ex: IQ tests

Question 24

IO psychology

Answer 24

mixes psychology and business to help businesses succeed

Question 25

clincal psychologists

Answer 25

performs and analyzes studies to understand mental illness more

Question 26

Counseling psychology

Answer 26

interacting with patients to help them improve

Question 27

Experimental psychology

Answer 27

studies cause and effect relationships

Question 28

hindsight bias

Answer 28

“I knew it all along”

Question 29

sampling bias

Answer 29

giving some people a better chance at being selected

Question 30

confirmation bias

Answer 30

when you search for proof that your opinion is correct, even when it’s not

Question 31

operational definition

Answer 31

carefully worded statement of the exact procedure, used in research for replication

Question 32

case studies

Answer 32

technique where one person is studied in depth to reveal behavior principles that apply to everyone

Question 33

naturalistic observation

Answer 33

observing people without their knowledge to study their behavior

Question 34

hawthorne effect

Answer 34

changing your behavior when you know you’re being watched

Question 35

false consensus effect

Answer 35

tendency to overestimate that others share the same beliefs or behaviors as us

Question 36

population

Answer 36

group the sample is being chosen from

Question 37

wording effect

Answer 37

writing a question that exposes your feelings

Question 38

longitudinal study

Answer 38

study group or person over long period of time

Question 39

cross sectional study

Answer 39

study one topic at certain moment, but different ages

Question 40

meta analysis

Answer 40

using multiple studies to draw conclusions

Question 41

empirical and anecdotal evidence

Answer 41

empirical: just data
anecdotal: personal experience

Question 42

corelation

Answer 42

relationship between variables

Question 43

correlation coefficient

Answer 43

measures how strong a correlation is in variable r; from -1 to 1. the closer to - or + 1, the stronger the correlation

Question 44

positive correlation

Answer 44

both variables go in same direction

Question 45

negative correlation

Answer 45

one variable goes up, the other goes down

Question 46

scatterplot

Answer 46

graph used for correlation

Question 47

illusory correlation

Answer 47

when we believe a relationship exists, even when there is not

Question 48

confounding variable

Answer 48

anything that can mess up an experiment

Question 49

third variable

Answer 49

something outside of the experiment that could impact both variables and change the outcome

Question 50

confederate

Answer 50

a person “in on” the experiment, and working with the experimenter

Question 51

random assignment

Answer 51

equal chance of being put into control or experimental group

Question 52

double blind

Answer 52

when neither the experimenter nor the participant knows who took the placebo

Question 53

placebo

Answer 53

fake substance

Question 54

placebo effect

Answer 54

experimental results caused expectations alone

Question 55

Quasi experiment

Answer 55

deal with groups that have pre-existing differences. ex: only choosing women w/ breast cancer for drug trial

Question 56

5 ethical principles for human research/experiments

Answer 56

no risk, no coercion, informed consent, confidentiality, debriefing (after the experiment is done)

Question 57

IRB and APA

Answer 57

review boards for psychology