UNIT 5 CHAP 15 Flashcards
PTSD
marked emotional disturbance after experiencing or witnessing a severely stressful event
-types of symptoms:
re-experiencing (flashback, trigger in environment)
avoidance (avoid situation, or emotions)
hyperarousal (extreme state of stress)
Mood disorders
major depression
chronic depressive disorder
seasonal affective disorder
bipolar disorders
major depression
symptoms include changes in sleep, random outbursts, anger and sadness
- suicidal ideation: frequent thoughts about death or suicide
- intense dispair
-loss of interest
- change in eating
- difficulty concentrating
chronic depressive disorder
less severe, long-lasting depression
- at least 2 years
- can have major depression and chronic depression at same time
-sub level functioning
-ex) donkey from Winnie the Pooh
seasonal affective disorder
seasonal related severe depression
- intense hunger
-gain weight in winter
- sleep more than usual
- depressed more in evening and morning
-amount of light dec, depression inc
bipolar disorder I
mania with or without severe depression
-manic episodes last longer than 6 days or are severe enough to require hospitalization
-symptoms: elation, euphoria, desire for action, hyperactive
bipolar disorder II
hypomania and severe depression
cyclothymia
hypomania and minor depression
functional neurological disorder (somatic symptom disorder)
physical symptoms with no physical explanation
ex) difficulty walking, no clear indicator to what it is
-one location
somatization disorder (somatic)
repeated, varying symptoms with no physical cause, often of many years duration
-multiple locations
illness anxiety disorder (somatic)
preoccupation that one has a serious undiagnosed disease
ex) indigestion from food vs cancer
psychogenic amnesia (dissociative)
-total or partial loss of information about the self
- usually triggered by a traumatic experience
-loose memories or self
depersonalization disorder (dissociative)
feelings of unreality
-mind leaves body
- limb goes numb and doesn’t feel like it belongs to you
dissociative identity disorder (DID) (dissociative)
-formerly called multiple personality disorder
- numerous personalities
- DID controversy (not real)
schizophrenia
group of severe disorders characterized by: problems in thinking and speaking, disturbed perceptions, inappropriate emotions and actions
symptoms of schizophrenia: problems in thinking and speaking
- delusions and persecution (paranoia)
-delusions of grandeur (self is extremely important) - delusions of being controlled (CIA controlling brain)
- disorganized speech (word salad, loosely associated phrases)
- over inclusion (jumping from idea to idea without benefit of logical association)
- paralogic (on surface, seems logical, seriously flawed, Jesus has a beard, I have a beard, I am Jesus)
schizophrenia: disturbed perceptions
hallucinations: sensing things that aren’t there
- also be auditory, visual, olfactory, tactile
command hallucinations: voices giving orders
-son of sam serial killer
-stated that a demon possesses his neighbors dog had commanded him to kill
inappropriate emotions and actions of schizophrenia
behavior is inappropriate for situation (wearing sweaters on hot days)
- flat affect: no emotion at all in face or speech
-inappropriate affect: laughing at serious things
- catatonic behavior: unresponsiveness to environment, usually marked by immobility for extended periods
positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia
positive: presence of problematic behaviors (hallucinations, delusions, problems in thinking and speaking)
negative: absence of healthy behaviors (flat affect, no feelings of enjoyment, poor motivation, speaking and moving less)
personality disorders
disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
- usually without anxiety, depression, or delusions
narcissistic
exaggerated ideas of self-importance and achievement, preoccupation with fantasies of success, arrogance
borderline
affective instability, impulse and reckless behavior, recurrent manipulative suicidal behaviors, impaired ability to form stable interpersonal relationships
dyssocial personality disorder
shameless disregard for and violation of other people’s rights
Developmental psychopathology (disorders in childhood)
addresses origins and course of individual maladaptation in context of normal growth processes
- must be familiar with normal development
- what is normal for one age may be problematic at another
- ex) tantrums: 2 yr old normal and expected vs 12 year old not expected within normal development
controversial legal issues and the mentally disordered
insanity defense: requires people to either:
- not know what they were doing at time of crime
- not know what they were doing was wrong
- less than 1% of criminal cases use defense successfully
the insanity defense
some states have adopted the optional plea/verdict of guilty but mentally ill
- defendant can be sentenced but placed in a treatment facility rather than in prison
- remains in custody until full sentence is served
what is psychopathology?
problematic patterns of thought feeling and behavior
- leads to disrupted functioning at home, work, and in social life or patterns that cause distress in person or in others
bio-psycho-social perspective (model of psychopathology)
biological sociocultural and psychological factors produce psychological disorders
diathesis stress model
diathesis: previous biological and environmental factors that predispose an individual towards developing a disorder
-stress: trigger that taxes or exceeds the individual personal resource and results in abnormal behavior
diagnosing psychopathology
diagnosis requires meeting specific criteria in diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM)
-intern’s syndrome: people studying illnesses often start thinking they have those illnesses
mental well being in college
nearly 20% of Americans meet criterion for psychological disorder
- anxiety disorders are most common mental health problem in college
anxiety disorders
primary disturbance is distressing, persistent, anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
-types: GAD, phobia, panic
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
constant worry about many issues
- anxiety seriously interferes with functioning
- physical symptoms are exhaustion, difficulty concentrating, hyperventilating, irritability
phobia
intense irrational fear
- it is not phobic to simply be anxious about something
-ex: animals, substances, situations
social anxiety disorder (phobia)
fear of failing or being embarrassed in public
-public speaking
- fear of crowds
-people fear public speaking more than they fear dying
panic disorder
characterized by frequent panic attacks
-helpless terror, high physiological arousal
-very frightening-suffers live in fear of having them
OCD
-obsessions: irrational, disturbing thoughts that intrude into consciousness (symmetry,germs)
-compulsions: repetitive actions performed to alleviate obsessions (checking, washing)
ear worm (involuntary musical imagery)
song stuck in your head, subtype of obsession
-92% of people report having one at least once a week
-can be annoying and stressful
