UNIT 3 CHAP 9

Question 1

Piagets theory of cognitive development

Answer 1

children construct own reality through schemas
-assimilation: fitting new objects, events, into existing schema
-accommodation: modifying a schema to fit new events
-cant skip stages
-stages are universal

Question 2

Stage of Piagets: Sensorimotor

Answer 2

0-2 yrs
-develop object permanence
-objects continue to exist when you can no longer see them
-before 6 months infants act as if objects removed from sight cease to exist (PEEKABOO)

Question 3

Preoperational stage

Answer 3

2-7 yrs
emergence of symbolic thought
- egocentrism: can’t take another perspective
-lack of concept of conservation
-conservation: properties remain the same despite changes in form (more pennies or same?)
-pretend play

Question 4

concrete operations

Answer 4

age 7-11
- can do logical operations
-understand reversibility: steps backwards
-can do conservation
-cant think abstractly or hypothetically

Question 5

formal operations

Answer 5

can do abstract and hypothetical reasoning
-found primarily in people’s areas of expertise

Question 6

imaginary audience (adolescent egocentrism)

Answer 6

strong focus on self leads to feel that everyone else is focused on them as well

Question 7

personal fable (adolescent egocentrism)

Answer 7

assume their thoughts and feelings are unique

Question 8

developmental psychology

Answer 8

study of changes across lifespan

Question 9

fertilization and implantation

Question 10

period of zygote

Answer 10

fertilized egg
-enters 2 week period of rapid cell division
-fertilization until implantation

Question 11

period of embryo

Answer 11

developing human organism from 2 weeks through 2nd month
-major body systems formed

Question 12

period of fetus

Answer 12

emergence of bone tissue until birth
-growth and finishing stage
-38-40 wks, full term

Question 13

stage 1 of labor:

Answer 13

dilation and effacement of cervix

Question 14

stage 2 labor:

Answer 14

expulsion of fetus

Question 15

stage 3 labor:

Answer 15

expulsion of placenta

Question 16

newborn

Answer 16

Permanent reflexes: breathing, blinking
temporary: rooting, grasping, moro (startle)
-neurological problem= no reflex at birth, reflexes last too long

Question 17

social development

Answer 17

encompasses the changes
-feelings
-interpersonal thought
-interpersonal behavior

Question 18

infant caregiver attachment

Answer 18

strong emotional connection with another person
-seek person out in times of stress for comfort
-sense of security
-distress when caregiver is away

Question 19

cupboard love

Answer 19

child attaches to person meeting their psychological needs

Question 20

primary return to womb craving

Answer 20

child resents extrusion from womb and seeks return but they can’t

Question 21

bowlby’s ethological theory

Answer 21

child attaches to person meeting their emotional needs

Question 22

strange situation

Answer 22

involves 2 separation and 2 reunions with caregiver
-like a baby stress test
-assess quality of attachment
-used between 12-18 months

Question 23

secure

Answer 23

child welcomes mothers return and seeks closeness to her

Question 24

insecure - avoidant

Answer 24

child ignores mother
parent rejects Childs emotional needs

Question 25

insecure- ambivalent

Answer 25

child exhibits anger at mother, parent inconsistently responds to Childs emotional needs

Question 26

insecure- disorganized

Answer 26

show odd motor behavior and dazed facial expressions, parent is abusive

Question 27

secure attachment is important bc…

Answer 27

kids have higher self esteem
-better peer relationships
-maximize cognitive potential

Question 28

adult attachment

Answer 28

reflect emotional connections to parents, significant others, but not children

Question 29

socialization

Answer 29

process by which we learn the beliefs values, skills, and behavior patterns of their culture
agents of socialization
-parents
-siblings
-peers
-teachers
-media

Question 30

authoritarian parenting

Answer 30

place a high value on obedience and respect

Question 31

permissive parenting

Answer 31

impose minimal controls on their children, warm

Question 32

authoritative parenting

Answer 32

enforce standards but encourage verbal give-and-take, warm
children have high self esteem

Question 33

uninvolved parenting

Answer 33

no rules, little involvement with kids

Question 34

peers as socializing agents

Answer 34

-meaning of friendship changes with age
-gratification from friends is important
-older children focus on intimacy

Question 35

parents advice more valued than peers on…

Answer 35

life goals
religion
politics
morality
use of hard drugs
parental influence highest where there is a good relationship

Question 36

peers more valued on

Answer 36

music
styles
use of alcohol
sex