UNIT 3 CHAP 9 Flashcards
Piagets theory of cognitive development
children construct own reality through schemas
-assimilation: fitting new objects, events, into existing schema
-accommodation: modifying a schema to fit new events
-cant skip stages
-stages are universal
Stage of Piagets: Sensorimotor
0-2 yrs
-develop object permanence
-objects continue to exist when you can no longer see them
-before 6 months infants act as if objects removed from sight cease to exist (PEEKABOO)
Preoperational stage
2-7 yrs
emergence of symbolic thought
- egocentrism: can’t take another perspective
-lack of concept of conservation
-conservation: properties remain the same despite changes in form (more pennies or same?)
-pretend play
concrete operations
age 7-11
- can do logical operations
-understand reversibility: steps backwards
-can do conservation
-cant think abstractly or hypothetically
formal operations
can do abstract and hypothetical reasoning
-found primarily in people’s areas of expertise
imaginary audience (adolescent egocentrism)
strong focus on self leads to feel that everyone else is focused on them as well
personal fable (adolescent egocentrism)
assume their thoughts and feelings are unique
developmental psychology
study of changes across lifespan
fertilization and implantation
period of zygote
fertilized egg
-enters 2 week period of rapid cell division
-fertilization until implantation
period of embryo
developing human organism from 2 weeks through 2nd month
-major body systems formed
period of fetus
emergence of bone tissue until birth
-growth and finishing stage
-38-40 wks, full term
stage 1 of labor:
dilation and effacement of cervix
stage 2 labor:
expulsion of fetus
stage 3 labor:
expulsion of placenta
newborn
Permanent reflexes: breathing, blinking
temporary: rooting, grasping, moro (startle)
-neurological problem= no reflex at birth, reflexes last too long
social development
encompasses the changes
-feelings
-interpersonal thought
-interpersonal behavior
infant caregiver attachment
strong emotional connection with another person
-seek person out in times of stress for comfort
-sense of security
-distress when caregiver is away
cupboard love
child attaches to person meeting their psychological needs
primary return to womb craving
child resents extrusion from womb and seeks return but they can’t
bowlby’s ethological theory
child attaches to person meeting their emotional needs
strange situation
involves 2 separation and 2 reunions with caregiver
-like a baby stress test
-assess quality of attachment
-used between 12-18 months
secure
child welcomes mothers return and seeks closeness to her
insecure - avoidant
child ignores mother
parent rejects Childs emotional needs
insecure- ambivalent
child exhibits anger at mother, parent inconsistently responds to Childs emotional needs
insecure- disorganized
show odd motor behavior and dazed facial expressions, parent is abusive
secure attachment is important bc…
kids have higher self esteem
-better peer relationships
-maximize cognitive potential
adult attachment
reflect emotional connections to parents, significant others, but not children
socialization
process by which we learn the beliefs values, skills, and behavior patterns of their culture
agents of socialization
-parents
-siblings
-peers
-teachers
-media
authoritarian parenting
place a high value on obedience and respect
permissive parenting
impose minimal controls on their children, warm
authoritative parenting
enforce standards but encourage verbal give-and-take, warm
children have high self esteem
uninvolved parenting
no rules, little involvement with kids
peers as socializing agents
-meaning of friendship changes with age
-gratification from friends is important
-older children focus on intimacy
parents advice more valued than peers on…
life goals
religion
politics
morality
use of hard drugs
parental influence highest where there is a good relationship
peers more valued on
music
styles
use of alcohol
sex
