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psych > UNIT 4 CHAP 12 > Flashcards

UNIT 4 CHAP 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

social psychology

A

scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

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2
Q

attribution

A

explanation for cause of behaviors or events
- to determine the cause we decide whether the behavior comes from internal or external cause

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3
Q

internal cause

A

dispositional
- personal characteristics

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4
Q

external

A

situational
situational demands

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5
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

tendency when analyzing another’s behavior to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

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6
Q

just-world hypothesis

A

assumption that world is just and people get what they deserve
helps justify cruelty of others

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7
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

expectations of a person elicit behavior from person that confirms our expectations

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8
Q

self-serving bias

A

tendency to make attributions so that one can perceive oneself favorably
-take credit fir positive events
-blame external factors for negative events

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9
Q

false consensus effect

A

bias where we assume everyone experiences the world like we do (beliefs, attitudes, behaviors)
-why men underestimate sexism

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10
Q

false uniqueness effect

A

tendency to underestimate the commonality of ones abilities and successful behaviors

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11
Q

attitudes

A

evaluative reactions towards things, events, and other people
-attitudes guide our behavior when…
we feel strongly about them
we are consciously aware of them
outside influences on behavior are weak

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12
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

feeling of discomfort created from a discrepancy between an attitude and behavior or between two competing attitudes or beliefs
when behaviors contradict attitudes

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13
Q

social influence

A

examines how other people and social forces they create influence an individuals behavior
explain why we conform, comply, obey, and how group influence us

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14
Q

conformity

A

adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with group standard

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15
Q

normative social influence

A

influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

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16
Q

informational social influence

A

influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others opinions about reality
- people are unsure of situation
- people are unsure of a situation
- people lack information
-behavior is public

17
Q

compliance

A

acting in accordance to a direct request from another person or group
- use logic and persuasion to get desired response
-compliance techniques
foot in the door
door in the face
low ball
that’s not all

18
Q

foot in the door

A

start with small request
follow up with large one

19
Q

door in the face

A

start with a large request
follow up with small one

20
Q

low ball

A

make an attractive initial offer
after getting a commitment make the terms less good

21
Q

that’s not all

A

people are more likely to comply to a request after a build up to make the request sound better

22
Q

obedience

A

following the commands of a person in authority
stanley milgrams (in)famous studies

23
Q

social facilitation

A

improved performance of tasks in the presence of others
-occurs with simple or well learned tasks
- not with tasks that are difficult or not yet mastered

24
Q

social loafing

A

tendency for people In a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts towards attaining a common goal than when individually ac countable

25
Q

group polarization

A

if a group is like-minded discussion strengthens is prevailing opinions

26
Q

deindividuation

A

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in a group situation that fosters arousal and anonymity
- deindividuated people feel less restrained
- may forget their moral values and act spontaneously without thinking

27
Q

altruism

A

actions designed to help others with no obvious benefit to the helper
- why do we help?
-egoistic model: helping motivated by anticipated gain
- empathy-altruism model: helping motivated by empathy, share emotions experienced by others

28
Q

diffusion of responsibility (why we don’t help)

A

dilution or diffusion of personal responsibility
- ambiguous situation: unclear what help is needed

29
Q

bystander effect

A

tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

30
Q

agression

A

behavior with intent to harm another person
causes are complex: biological factors, frustration effects, social factors

31
Q

biological factors

A

testosterone levels weakly correlated with aggression
- low levels of cortisol are associated higher levels of aggressive behavior
- alcohol usage increases aggression
-genetic factors

32
Q

causes of aggression

A

frustration: occurs when achievement of a goal is blocked
- being uncomfortable
- personality
-parenting
-peers
-violent media

33
Q

risk factor model of aggression and violence

A

aggression/violence is a result of the accumulation of risk factors
-peers, personality, parents, biology, neighborhood
- the more risk factors you have, the more likely you are to act aggressive/violent in any given situation
- some people have more risk factors than others

34
Q

interpersonal attraction

A

liking or having the desire for a relationship with another person
- factors that influence interpersonal attraction
-similarity: friends share common attitudes, beliefs, interests
-matching hypothesis: choose mate similar to self

35
Q

factors that influence interpersonal attraction

A

physical attractiveness: choose mate similar to self in attraction
-if different, mate tends to have a compensating asset
ex: money power talent
proximity
familiarity
mere exposure effect
- repeated exposure to novel stimuli inc liking of them

36
Q

male vs female facial attractiveness

A

feminized characteristics
- eyebrow arch
-bigger eyes
-narrow jaw and nose
-fuller lips
masculinized features:
-pronounced eye-brow ridge
-big jaw, square face
men and women prefer feminine features in men

37
Q

eyes and attractiveness

A

limbal ring: line that separates colored part of eye from white
people with distinct ring are perceived to be more attractive

38
Q

triangle theory of love

A

-intimacy: closeness, sharing, communication, and support
-passion: physiological arousal and intense desire to be with loved one
-commitment: affirmation of your love and long term commitment to maintain that love
combine to form different types of love

39
Q

triangle theory of love pt 2

A

romantic love: intimacy and passion
companionate love: intimacy and commitment
- release of oxytocin
-shift 3-4 years into relationship from romantic
ideal relationship: consummate love: intimacy and commitment and passion

psych (9 decks)

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