UNIT 4 CHAP 14 Flashcards
Type A personality
motivated, competitive, impatient, prone to anger and hostility
-heightened response to and risk from stress
- associated with heart disease in early research however now shows high levels of anger and hostility inc heart disease and stroke
Type B personality
easygoing, non-aggressive, patient
- lower response to and risk from stress
Type D personality
worried, inhibited, prone to anxiety, more isolated
- heightened response to stress
relationships and stress
- relationships with friends and family can be source of stress
- exchanges and conflicts
- lack of emotional support
- lack of reciprocity (carries relationship)
- parenting
optimists
expecting the best outcome from any given situation
- better health outcomes
Pessimists
expecting worst outcome
-predicts worse health outcomes
defensive pessimism
preparing for failure ahead of time
- set low expectations
-allows planning and strategizing
- helps anxious people get through stressful situations
- no long-term health benefits though
psychosomatic disease
genuine physical ailments thought to be caused in part by stress and other psychological
- diseases include high blood pressure, asthma, hives, migraine
- stress promotes jeopardizing behaviors (drinking and drugs), unhealthy food choices
social support (social factor promoting health)
3 types
resources provided by others in times of need
-emotional: expressions of concern, empathy
- tangible: direct assistance, money and food help
- informational: suggestions, advice, careful on internet
benefits of social support
improves ability to cope with stress and benefits health
-stress feels less threatening
-decrease intensity of physical reactions to stress
- reduces feelings of negative emotions
coping (dealing with stress)
behavioral and cognitive responses used to deal with stressors
- problem focused: try to change circumstances, use if problem seems alterable (figuring out how to study more effectively)
- ex: ask for support, manage time, to-do list
- emotion focused coping: reducing or regulating emotional impact of stressor, use if problem is uncontrollable, try to feel better about situation, problems occur when drugs and alcohol are used
- ex: exercise, meditate
stress
process by which we appraise and cope with environmental threats and challenges
- appraisal of situation greatly influences the amount of stress perceived
burnout
physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion that is attributable to long term involvement in stressful situations
benefit of exercise
noncompetitive, aerobic exercise can reduce stress, depression, and anxiety
eustress
stress provides motivation to conquer problems
positive psychology
focuses on strengths and qualities that enable individuals to thrive
-stress can promote personal growth and force people to develop new skills, inc self-esteem
biological response to stress
-General adaption syndrome (GAS): brief period of high arousal which readies the body for vigorous activity
- resistance: after a few mins, body enters a phase of prolonged but moderate arousal
- exhaustion: intense and long-lasting stress depletes immune system, more illness
acute stressors
threatening events that have a relatively short duration and a clear endpoint
chronic stressors
threatening events that have a relatively long duration and no readily apparent time limit
-serious health problems
catastrophes
stressful life event
- unpredictable large scale events (war, earthquake)
-health consequences
life changes
stressful life events
- death, marriage, divorce
-more vulnerable to disease
daily hassles
stressful life events
- annoying events in everyday life
- rush hour traffic, messy roommate
-cumulative effect on health
- amount of daily hassles predicts illness better than major life changes
-offset by uplifts
top 5 hassles
-concern about weight/ physical appearance
-health
-costs of goods
-thoughts about future
-wasting time
-too many things to do
top 5 uplifts
- relating well with others
-completing task
-healthy
-sleep
-having fun
approach-approach conflict
2 positive choices
least stressful
avoidance-avoidance conflict
2 negative choices
most stressful
approach-avoidance conflict
single choice has both positive and negative qualities
-vacillation between choices
perceived control
lack of control increases stress (rats with shock and switch)
-ex: someone else driving
