unit 5 ch. 12-14 Flashcards
what effect did the growth of the railroad have on other industries and businesses?
-it created other industries
-ex. iron, communications
what effect did interchangeable parts have on hiring practices for manufacturing?
-manufactureres needed to produce more with less labor
-interchangeable parts meant they looked for cheap labor
-mattered less about the skill of the person doing the job because of this and the assembly line
what offeriings of labor did German immigrants possess compared to Irish in the 1840s?
-germans had more skills or trades
-also could buy land
-irish provided unskilled labor in urban areas
manifest destiny
-an inevitable God-given right to expand into new territories held by “unfit” people groups/races (mainly mexicans and indians)
-caused westward expansion
what was the context of the slogan “54/40 or fight?”
-debate over joint occupation of Britian and American in oregon
-americans wanted Britian completely gone- to the 54/40 line
what blocked Congress form immediately making Texas a state in 1836?
-texas would have had to come in as a slave state
-issue with Monroe doctrine
-britain wanted Texas to stay independent
what was the dominant issue of the 1844 election?
-expansion/ settling the Texas and Oregon question
-james k Polk (democrat) had a 4 year plan to do so vs. Henry clay (Whig)
what group was most outspoken about its opposition to the Mexican-American War?
Whigs thought it was not good or important and just a petty fight to get land
wilmot proviso
proviso attached to the treaty of guadalupe hidalgo, said no slavery in mexican cession territory
-passed house, failed senate
-caused controversey
what caused migrants to go to California in the late 1840s?
-manifest destiny
-had just gotten land after mexican american war
-gold rush
what was the goal and motivation for women at the seneca falls convention of 1848?
-women’s suffrage, althoguht they also liked and argued for abolitionism and tempermance
-declaration of rights used language of constitution but chagned it so women coudl hav the rights too
what mainstream arguement did anti-slavery advocates have in the 1840s?
-national sin
-popular sovereignty: each state should decide whether they are a slave or free
difference between abolitionism and anti-slavery
-abolition is the immediate end of all slavery everywhere, anti-slavery advocates wanted slavery to stop sreading to new territories
what was the overall message of the transcendentalist authors of the 1840s
-we will cure society by becoming better people (intellectually)
-emphasized individualism
-knowledge beyond your sense and science
-basically said we ahve no hope as a soecity, only improving as individuals
2nd middle passage
-movement of slaves west to satisfy labor demands
by 1860 1 out of 3 southerners was a slave
how did slavery impact the souther social class hierarchy?
-slave aristocracy
-planter elite (many slaves, top of society)
-yeomen farmer (middle class, few slaves)
-no slaves white (low class)
-slaves (lowest class, not even a class)
-freed blacks (no rights, small population)
average white southerner’s regard to slave ownership
-lower white people wihtout slaves hated it becuase it put them at a disadvantage
-middle class yeomen farmers thoguth it was crucial to the south and wanted to move up in the slave aristocracy
how did paternalism justify owner to slave relationships?
-“christian guardians” of black people who had no place in society
-give them a place/life and christianize them
what economic reason did owners have for treating their slaves marginally better?
-slaves were seen as investments
-they could not punish their slaves in a way that would damage the investment
-slaves could sometimes use this as leverage
why did planters try to encourage Christianity in their slaves?
-they thought it would foster more obedience
how did the planter elite maintain their political power over the yeomen and lower classes?
-by keeping slavery up as an institution and keeping up the slave aristocracy of the south
-political pwoer was tied ot slaver ownership
-if you were high up in society you got jobs in politics
-controled power at the state level and in congress
how did the Mexican war increase sectionalism tension in the U.S.?
-people wnated to do differen thtings with teh cession territory
-ex. wilmot proviso
-some for, some against, passed house, failed senate, caused controversy
popular sovereignty
-let the people decide
-when talking about 1840s-60s about whether they should be a free state or slave
what was the political issue that caused the need for compromise of 1850?
-what to do with mexican cession territory
-california became free stae
-popular sovereignty in utah and nm
-fugitive slave law = stronger
