ch. 2-5 Flashcards
describe causes for exploration for common people
-bubonic plauge/risky world caused some ppl to want to take more risks and go on voyages to undiscovered lands
-voyages promised fame and fortune to those who succeeded
describe causes for exploration for monarchs
-gold, glory, God
-sponsored exploration to enlarge realm and enrich dynasty
-more territory= more subjects, more taxes, more soldiers, more commerce, more power and money
what societal characteristics differed between europeans and native americans?
-native americans had no private property, animistic religion, and were an agricultural society
-europeans had private property (very imporant to them), were christian, and had an economy based on many diff things like trade
what factor mostly contributed to the downfall of native populations when europeans arrived?
-disease
-europeans brought over diseases that the NA’s ahd never been exposed to so they had no immunity and it wiped them out
why did spain introduce the encomienda system?
-wanted to reward soldiers
-use NA population to their advantage
-control land in and around their towns
-additional idea of trying to convert NA to christianity
how did spian supplement their labor source after the high mortality rate of the natives?
-by importing african slaves
describe english attempts at colonization before the 1600s
-unsuccessful
-sir humphrey gilbert tried to make a colony in newfoundland but he vanished at sea
-sir walter raliegh tried to settle roanoke but no one stayed
-had john white take over and when JW returned all settlers were gone
describe the importance of baraolome de las casas
-believed that NA’s were not to be treated lesser than or inhumanely
-spanish activist who wrote a response to sepulveda abt the good things abt NA’s and challenging his ideas
-one of the few ppl to view them this way
describe an economic similiarity between the english and spanish colonies
-english and spanish used agriculture in some of their colonies
-also took advantage of NAs for their economic benefit
describe one economic difference between the english and spanish coloneis
-english grew cash crops like tobacco and goal was to make a profit for england
-spanish had encomienda system that main goal was ot make money for encomendero
what contributed to the high death rates of early jamestwon settlers?
-mostly bc none of them were farmers so they had no food
-also only source of water was swampy
-they carried disease over
what is primogeniture
-laws passed by pariliament saying the oldest brother gets all of the estate if a family dies
how did primogeniture contribute to increased colonial setllers
-ppl who were rich but lost money ot their older siblings came over bc they were left iwth nothing
define the importance of the virginia house of burgesses
-after virgina was changed to a royal colony
-the assembly of representatives was elected by the colonists but the laws they made had to be approved by the king’s bueraccrats
-oldest representative law making assembly in english colonies
-free men could vote for it
-more democratic than english house of commons
what group comprised most of the immigrants to the chesapeake region in the 17th century?
-indentured servants (bought their passage to america for promised labor when they got there)
what facto led ot the polarization of social groups in the cesapeak region by the 1670s?
-land
–planters saw landless as dangerous and not fellow colonists
-landless thought it was unfair
how was plitical equality reuced in virginia by the 1670s?
-outlawed voting of poor men/men with no land
-only land owners who were the head of the house could vote
describe the economy of barbadoes colony in the 1680
-omplelety run by a few rich sugar paltnters
-they were 4x richer than tobacco planters
-owned an average of 115 slaves
-slaves made up 75% of the people
what reasons did the planter class prefer african slave labor to indentured servants in the 1670s?
-africans could never escape their slavery
-permanent labor force
-easily distinguishable
define middle passage
-atlantic route ships woudl take form africa to the americas to bring slaves and goods over
define the dconomic system of mercantilism
-goal is to help big/mother country
-attempts to get wealth thorugh trade w others
-exports > imports
define the beliefs of the puritans
-they thought that the english chruch eneded reform (not to separate)
-needed to be more pure
-was too much like catholic church
what was the overall goal of the puritan settlement in massachussets bay?
-to be a city on the hill/ example for others
-to offer a safe haven for puritains where they could practice their faith without being persecuted
why did the massachussetts colony have a better beginning than jamestwon?
-majority of them came from middle class so they were tradesmen/farmers and had practical sklls for setttlign a new place
-codes were enforced and the idea of being an example for others make them work hard
-puritan work ethic
